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·2025
Enhanced Cycling Stability of Li Metal Batteries under Reduced Pressure via Conductive Framework–Separator Integration
J.S. Park, Hong Rim Shin, Jongwon Lee
ECS Meeting Abstracts
초록

Li ion batteries, widely used in electric vehicles and portable electronics, are now confronting theoretical thresholds in energy density due to low specific capacity of graphite anodes. One promising approach to boost energy density (> 400 Wh kg −1 ) is Li metal batteries (LMBs) paired with commercially available Ni-rich cathodes (LiNi x M 1−x O 2 , M=Mn, Co and x ≥ 0.6). Li metal anodes (LMAs) are regarded as an attractive candidate for next-generation anodes for high-energy-density energy storage because of their high specific capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) and low electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). However, the practical deployment of LMAs is hindered by their intrinsic high reactivity and uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites, which consequently lead to excessive parasitic reactions and short lifespan of batteries. Recent studies have demonstrated that applying external mechanical pressures to LMAs effectively suppresses dendritic Li growth, promoting dense and uniform Li deposition. Nevertheless, excessively high pressures (>10 MPa) inevitably lead to detrimental effects such as pore collapse in polyolefin separators and even mechanical tearing, ultimately causing internal short circuits. Three-dimensional (3D) frameworks, which have been extensively studied to resolve the critical issues of LMAs, can improve the cell performance of LMBs under low-pressure operation by providing abundant pore volume to accommodate volume expansion and regulate Li deposition behavior. Herein, we present a porous 3D framework of vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCFs) integrated with the separator via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to guide uniform Li + flux. By optimizing the EPD parameters, a mechanically robust and uniformly porous VGCF layer is combined with a commercial polypropylene (PP) separator. 3D electrochemical simulations reveal that the abundant Li⁺ transport pathways in the VGCF layer enable homogeneous Li⁺ distribution, which could inhibit formation and growth of Li dendrites. This prediction is validated through microstructural analysis of Li deposition, which confirms that Li metal is densely and uniformly deposited within the VGCF layer, gradually filling the pores in the framework from bottom to top. Electrochemical properties under reduced external pressure conditions further confirm the efficacy of the VGCF-integrated separator. Compared to bare PP, symmetric cells and half cells with VGCF-integrated separators exhibit more stable Li plating/stripping, featuring reduced hysteresis and improved reversibility. Notably, full cell employing high-voltage NCM cathode and VGCF-integrated separator maintains a capacity retention of 87.3% after 200 cycles, outperforming cells using bare PP. These results demonstrate that the VGCF-integrated separator enables reliable operation of LMBs under practical low-pressure conditions. This work provides a new approach for the design of advanced 3D frameworks for high-energy-density LMBs.for the design of advanced 3D frameworks for high-energy-density LMBs.

키워드
AnodeSeparator (oil production)PolyolefinElectrochemistryCathodeGraphiteEnergy storageMetalPorosity
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2025

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