Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural relations among teacher’s right, teacher core competencies, occupational identity and occupational turnover intention of Korean language teachers. Methods: The subjects of this study were 400 Korean language teachers working at Korean language education institutions in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon. The relationship between variables was analyzed by applying a structural equation model to the collected data. Results: The teacher’s rights of Korean language teachers had a positive (+) effect on empathy and unity, a positive (+) influence relationship between teacher core competencies and the sub-variables of occupational identity. The influence of the sub-variable of occupational identity has a negative (-) effect on individual-job conformity and unity, and empathy has a positive (+) effect. As a result of verifying the mediating effect of the sub-variable of occupational identity, the indirect effect of the teacher’s right of Korean language teachers on the occupational turnover intention through empathy was positively (+) significant, and the indirect effect on the occupational turnover intention through the medium of unity was negatively (-) significant. The indirect effect of the teacher core competency on the occupational turnover intention through the medium of individual-job conformity and unity was negatively (-) significant, and the indirect effect of the teacher core competency on the occupational turnover intention through empathy was positively (+) significant. Conclusion: The results suggest that effective management and support, and the development and implementation of programs to strengthen job identity are necessary to find ways to establish teacher’s rights for Korean language teachers, improve teacher core competencies.