BACKGROUND AND AIM: Busan is the second largest city in Korea, known for the port industry. Due to the high emissions of pollutants from ships and heavy traffics, the concentration of fine dust is high in the city. In this study, air quality data was analyzed to identify areas with high levels of fine dust in Busan and to monitor the exposure of residents in the areas. METHOD: Air quality data from 31 air pollution monitoring stations in Busan were collected by using the National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System (Air Korea). The mean concentrations and spatial distribution were analyzed by location and year, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS. To determine the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) among residents in areas with high levels of fine dust, urine samples were collected and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: The mean of PM10 fine dust by location for 10 years from 2011 to 2020 were 46.99 μg/m³ (39.00 μg/m³ to 63.02 μg/m³). The spatial distribution showed that the western and central regions had higher concentrations. From 2018 to 2020, the mean of PM10 was particularly high at H location, with 42.50 μg/m³. The mean of t,t-MA (trans,trans-muconic acid) and BMA (N-Acetyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteine) were 71.15 μg/g creatinine and 7.00 μg/g creatinine, respectively among the 400 residents near H town, which were higher than the 4th and 5th KoNEHS (Korean National Environmental Health Survey) reference values of 64.60 μg/g creatinine and 5.02 μg/g creatinine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The western region of Busan showed a higher average concentration of PM10 fine dust and the results of the resident monitoring survey were higher than the nationwide average value. Continuous monitoring for the western region is needed to establish a foundation for efforts to reduce fine dust and to monitor the health impacts on the residents.