Inhaling particulate matter (PM10) poses a serious global health risk, contributing to respiratory issues like inflammation, oxidative stress, and lung toxicity. Given the lack of effective treatments for PM10-induced lung injury, this study investigates the protective effect of curcumin-loaded nano-liposome, focusing on its potential molecular mechanisms. Mice exposed to PM10 were treated with curcumin-loaded nano-liposome over 14 days, revealing reduced inflammatory responses in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Curcumin-loaded nano-liposome decreased oxidative stress and ferroptosis markers, including ROS, MDA, and ACSL4, while increasing GPX4 levels. It also suppressed pyroptosis by reducing NLRP3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, attenuated NF-κB signaling, and activated antioxidant pathways via Nrf2. These findings suggest curcumin-loaded nano-liposome as a potential therapeutic option for PM-induced respiratory disorders. • Curcumin-loaded nano-liposome showed a protective effect on histological changes in BALF of mice exposed to PM10. • Curcumin-loaded nano-liposome alleviate oxidative stress and ferroptosis in mice exposed to PM10. • Curcumin-loaded nano-liposome affected pyroptosis-related protein expressions in PM10-treated mice. • Curcumin-loaded nano-liposome alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. • Curcumin-loaded nano-liposome alleviates on NF-κB signaling. • Curcumin-loaded nano-liposome reduce PM-induced oxidative stress via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by inhibiting Keap1.