Langya virus (LayV) is the only documented zoonotic agent within the shrew borne <i>Parahenipavirus</i> genus. Other <i>Parahenipavirus</i> species, including Gamak virus and Daeryeong virus, have been discovered in the Republic of Korea, highlighting the prevalence of this genus in the region. We retrospectively analyzed metagenomic next-generation sequencing of two <i>Crocidura lasiura</i> (the Ussuri white-toothed shrew) kidney samples from 2017, followed by paramyxovirus screening of 24 kidney samples from the same species collected in 2023. The LayV positivity rate was 12.5 % (3 of 24). Amplicon-based sequencing was subsequently developed to obtain the complete viral sequences. Five complete genomes of Langya virus Korea (LayV KOR) were identified: two from 2017 samples and three from 2023 samples. LayV KOR exhibited approximately 80 % and 95.5 % homology at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis underscored the close relationship between LayV KOR and LayV from China. This study represents the first detection of LayV complete sequences in shrews outside of China.

Understanding outbreak dynamics, global spatial distribution patterns, and connectivity is essential for advancing the One Health approach and mitigating future disease risks. The findings reveal the risk of global Mpox transmission, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance, contact tracing, quarantine measures, and global collaboration to help curtail the global spread of Mpox.

Langya virus (LayV) is the only documented zoonotic agent within the shrew borne <i>Parahenipavirus</i> genus. Other <i>Parahenipavirus</i> species, including Gamak virus and Daeryeong virus, have been discovered in the Republic of Korea, highlighting the prevalence of this genus in the region. We retrospectively analyzed metagenomic next-generation sequencing of two <i>Crocidura lasiura</i> (the Ussuri white-toothed shrew) kidney samples from 2017, followed by paramyxovirus screening of 24 kidney samples from the same species collected in 2023. The LayV positivity rate was 12.5 % (3 of 24). Amplicon-based sequencing was subsequently developed to obtain the complete viral sequences. Five complete genomes of Langya virus Korea (LayV KOR) were identified: two from 2017 samples and three from 2023 samples. LayV KOR exhibited approximately 80 % and 95.5 % homology at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis underscored the close relationship between LayV KOR and LayV from China. This study represents the first detection of LayV complete sequences in shrews outside of China.

Understanding outbreak dynamics, global spatial distribution patterns, and connectivity is essential for advancing the One Health approach and mitigating future disease risks. The findings reveal the risk of global Mpox transmission, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance, contact tracing, quarantine measures, and global collaboration to help curtail the global spread of Mpox.

These findings imply that the southern HTNV genotype has the potential to induce HFRS in humans. The phylogenetic inference demonstrates the diverse and dynamic characteristics of the southern HTNV tripartite genomes. Therefore, this study highlights the significance of active surveillance and amplicon sequencing for detecting orthohantavirus infections. It also raises awareness and caution for physicians regarding the emergence of a southern HTNV genotype as a cause of HFRS in the ROK.

These findings underscore the need for continuous surveillance to track serotype shifts and the emergence of novel lineages. Molecular tools such as MLST and virulence gene profiling enhance epidemiological understanding and support risk assessment for this zoonotic bacterium.

Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), the causative agent of LSD in cattle, has emerged as a significant threat to global livestock industries, prompting concerns about its potential for zoonotic transmission.While historically considered a non-zoonotic pathogen, recent outbreaks and limited evidence necessitate a proactive approach to risk assessment.This study employed a machine learning model to evaluate the zoonotic potential of LSDV by analyzing complete genomic sequences.Our analysis included a comparative assessment with closely related poxviruses, including Sheeppox virus, Swinepox virus, Goatpox virus, Cowpox virus, Monkeypox virus, and Orf virus, to provide a comprehensive understanding of LSDV's zoonotic risk.Our findings indicate a minimal zoonotic risk associated with LSDV, aligning with the limited reports of human infections.The machine learning model, utilizing a curated dataset of viral genomic sequences, generated zoonotic prediction scores for LSDV that consistently fell within the low to medium range.This research underscores the importance of integrating machine learning in predicting and understanding potential viral mutations, advocating for proactive surveillance and predictive modeling in managing emerging zoonoses.By combining genomic surveillance with advanced computational tools, we can enhance our preparedness and response to potential zoonotic threats, ensuring public health security in the face of evolving infectious diseases.However, considering the virus's evolving nature and global spread, continuous monitoring for genetic variations remains crucial.This research underscores the importance of integrating machine learning in predicting and understanding potential viral mutations, advocating for proactive surveillance and predictive modeling in managing emerging zoonoses.

Da-Yun Bae, Dae Sung Yoo, Seon Jae Moon, Zoya Afzal, Hyewon Choi, Do-Kyung Ra, Yoon-Kyung Jeong, Jiyeon Kim, Hye Won Jung, So-Yeon Park, Ae Ra Park, Woo H. Kim, Won-Il Kim, Dongseob Tark, Choi-Kyu Park, Min-Goo Seo, Yeonsu Oh, Ho-Seong Cho. Korean J. Vet. Serv. 2025;48:117-22. https://doi.org/10.7853/kjvs.2025.48.2.117

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), causing Chikungunya fever (CF), is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes primarily in tropical regions.CHIKV infection poses a public health burden owing to international travel and climate change.Implementation of Next-generation sequencing (NGS) for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) contributes to the formulation of effective public health and travel medicine policies to mitigate emerging CHIKV in non-endemic areas.A patient with CF, who traveled to Thailand, was enrolled at Sacred Chuncheon Hospital (Chuncheon, Republic of Korea).Amplicon-based NGS was performed using the patient's sera on days 2 and 6 after hospitalization.The nearly whole genome sequence of CHIKV was recovered from day 2 post-hospitalization, while only 9% on day 6.The phylogenetic inference demonstrated that the CHIKV genotype belonged to the East/Central/South African lineage.In addition, zoonotic potential was evaluated by the machine learning model.This study highlights the effectiveness of amplicon-based MinION sequencing derived from a patient who traveled from an endemic area.Collection of patient samples early in infection is strongly correlated with genomic acquisition and genotypic identification.Therefore, this study provides insight into the active surveillance for NGS-based genomic diagnosis and characterization of emerging CHIKV outbreak in endemic and non-endemic areas.