Androgenetic alopecia is a common disease that occurs in both men and women. Several approved medications have been used to treat this condition, but they are associated with certain side effects. Therefore, use of extracts derived from natural products, such as Siberian sturgeon (<i>Acipenser baerii</i>), and the regulation of the gut microbiota have become important topics of research. Sturgeon is known for its high nutritional value and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects on androgenetic alopecia and gut microbiota remain uncharacterized. Here, we aimed to investigate whether solubilized sturgeon oil (SSO) promotes hair growth and regulates the gut microbiome. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups. Three groups received topical applications of distilled water, SSO, or minoxidil, and one group was orally administered SSO. Each treatment was administered over 4 weeks. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant increase in follicle number (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and follicle diameter (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed upregulation of β-catenin and ERK-1, markers involved in hair growth-promoting pathways. Furthermore, microbiome analysis revealed that the reduced gut microbiota was negatively correlated with these markers. Our findings indicate that oral administration of SSO promotes hair growth and regulates the abundance of hair growth-promoting gut microbiota.

Gut microbes are closely associated with disease onset and improvement. However, the effects of gut microbes on the occurrence, prevention, and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are still unclear. We investigated the alteration of gut microbiota with implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of BPH and identified correlations among various indicators, including hormone indicators, apoptosis markers in BPH, and finasteride treatment models. BPH induction altered the abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Flavonifractor</i>, <i>Acetatifactor</i>, <i>Oscillibacter</i>, <i>Pseudoflavonifractor</i>, <i>Intestinimonas</i>, and <i>Butyricimonas</i> genera, which are related to BPH indicators. Among these, the altered abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Acetatifactor</i> was associated with the promotion and inhibition of prostate apoptosis, respectively. Finasteride treatment altered the abundance of <i>Barnesiella</i>, <i>Acetatifactor</i>, <i>Butyricimonas</i>, <i>Desulfovibrio</i>, <i>Anaerobacterium</i>, and <i>Robinsoniella</i> genera, which are related to BPH indicators. Among these, altered abundances of <i>Desulfovibrio</i> and <i>Acetatifactor</i> were associated with the promotion and inhibition of prostate apoptosis, respectively. In addition, the abundances of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Acetatifactor</i> were normalized after finasteride treatment. In conclusion, the association between apoptosis and altered abundances of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Acetatifactor</i>, among other gut microbes, suggests their potential utility in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of BPH.