Robust Pitch on Silicon Nanolayer–Embedded Graphite for Suppressing Undesirable Volume Expansion
Seong‐Hyeon Choi, Gyutae Nam, Sujong Chae, Donghyuk Kim, Namhyung Kim, Won Sik Kim, Jiyoung Ma, Jaekyung Sung, Seung Min Han, Minseong Ko, Hyun‐Wook Lee, Jaephil Cho
IF 26
Advanced Energy Materials
Abstract A significant volume expansion exhibited by high‐capacity active materials upon lithiation has hindered their application as Li‐ion battery anode materials. Although tremendous progress has been made in the development of coating methods that improve the stability of high‐capacity active materials, suitable coating sources that are both strong and economical to use are yet to be discovered. Pitch is reported here as a promising coating source for high‐capacity anodes owing to the high mechanical strength and low‐cost process. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, it is found that pitch can withstand the severe volume expansion that occurs upon Si lithiation owing to its high mechanical strength, originating from the long‐range graphitic ordering. Notably, pitch‐coated silicon nanolayer–embedded graphite (SG) exhibits superior capacity retention (81.9%) compared to that of acetylene‐coated SG (66%) over 200 cycles in a full‐cell by effectively mitigating volume expansion, even under industrial electrode density conditions (1.6 g cc −1 ). Thus, this work presents new possibilities for the development of high‐capacity anodes for industrial implementation.
Robust Pitch on Silicon Nanolayer–Embedded Graphite for Suppressing Undesirable Volume Expansion
Seong‐Hyeon Choi, Gyutae Nam, Sujong Chae, Donghyuk Kim, Namhyung Kim, Won Sik Kim, Jiyoung Ma, Jaekyung Sung, Seung Min Han, Minseong Ko, Hyun‐Wook Lee, Jaephil Cho
IF 26
Advanced Energy Materials
Abstract A significant volume expansion exhibited by high‐capacity active materials upon lithiation has hindered their application as Li‐ion battery anode materials. Although tremendous progress has been made in the development of coating methods that improve the stability of high‐capacity active materials, suitable coating sources that are both strong and economical to use are yet to be discovered. Pitch is reported here as a promising coating source for high‐capacity anodes owing to the high mechanical strength and low‐cost process. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, it is found that pitch can withstand the severe volume expansion that occurs upon Si lithiation owing to its high mechanical strength, originating from the long‐range graphitic ordering. Notably, pitch‐coated silicon nanolayer–embedded graphite (SG) exhibits superior capacity retention (81.9%) compared to that of acetylene‐coated SG (66%) over 200 cycles in a full‐cell by effectively mitigating volume expansion, even under industrial electrode density conditions (1.6 g cc −1 ). Thus, this work presents new possibilities for the development of high‐capacity anodes for industrial implementation.
Overcuring-assisted mechanical interlocking of metal–polymer composites fabricated by vat photopolymerization
Minseong Ko, Do-Sik Shim
IF 5.9
Defence Technology
Metal–polymer hybrid structures offer significant potential for lightweight and high-performance applications; however, achieving robust interfacial joining between dissimilar materials remains challenging. In this study, a novel metal–polymer joining strategy based on overcuring-assisted mechanical interlocking is proposed using vat photopolymerization (VPP). Dovetail-shaped grooves were machined on a steel substrate, and liquid photopolymer resin was intentionally overcured inside the grooves to form a strong mechanical interlock without adhesives or additional fastening elements. Experimental results showed that the maximum cured depth increased logarithmically with UV exposure time and saturated at approximately 700 μm, enabling full curing even in undercut regions. Tensile tests demonstrated that the maximum tensile load increased nearly linearly with the number of grooves (3, 6, and 10), while decreasing the groove angle from 90° to 29° significantly enhanced joint strength; in contrast, the polymer root width (1.6–2.5 mm) had a negligible effect. Finite element analysis revealed pronounced z -direction stress concentration at the groove nose for smaller angles, which correlated well with experimentally observed fracture modes. These results demonstrate that overcuring, traditionally considered a defect in VPP, can be effectively exploited as a reliable joining mechanism for fabricating high-strength metal–polymer composites with high geometric freedom.
Efficient Recycling of Spent <scp>LiCoO</scp> <sub>2</sub> Cathodes Via Confined Pore‐Assisted Simplified Direct Carbothermic Reduction Without External Reducing Agents
Dong‐Hun Kang, Joowon Im, Sujong Chae, Haeseong Jang, Minseong Ko
IF 14.1
Energy & environment materials
As demand for lithium‐ion batteries increases, the supply of materials is increasingly constrained by their geographical concentration. This has spurred significant research into recycling spent batteries to enhance resource circulation. Currently, commercially applied recycling methods (such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy) face environmental and economic challenges, including waste acid and gas generation, high‐temperature heat treatment, and operational complexity. A promising alternative is the carbothermic reduction process, which operates at lower temperatures, minimizing costs and environmental emissions. However, this method still requires large quantities of external reducing agents. Therefore, this study aims to introduce a simplified direct carbothermic reduction (SDCR) process. The SDCR process leveraged carbon conductive materials and organic binders within the electrode as reducing agents. Additionally, the high compaction state created a conducive environment for reducing gases, promoting efficient reduction and material recovery. This approach reduces the reliance on external reducing agents and streamlines the re‐upcycling process, making it commercially viable.
Architecting Sturdy Si/Graphite Composite with Lubricative Graphene Nanoplatelets for High‐Density Electrodes (Small 10/2025)
Seongsu Park, Minhong Choi, Jinsu Lee, Sangryeol Lee, Jaehyeon Kim, Taeyeong Yun, Namhyung Kim, Jaekyung Sung, Jaephil Cho, Minseong Ko, Sujong Chae
IF 12.1
Small
High-Density Electrodes The coating strategy with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) effectively mitigates mechanical failure of the Si/graphite composite during the calendering process for high electrode density by imparting robust reinforcing and lubricating properties. Furthermore, the multilayered GNP structure enables efficient and reversible Li-ion storage via (de)intercalation. This approach offers valuable insights for enhancing the stability and performance of various fragile battery materials. More in article number 2404949, Minseong Ko, Sujong Chae, and co-workers.
Fabrication of Silicon-Carbon Composite with Controlled Pore Structure Utilizing Vapor/Liquid-Phase Carbon Precursors
Eun Jin Jung, Gyuchan Yeo, Sujong Chae, Minseong Ko
Journal of the Korean Battery Society
실리콘(Si)은 뛰어난 이론 용량(3,579 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, Li<sub>15</sub>Si₄), 낮은 작동 전위(<0.4 V vs Li+/Li) 및 풍부한 매장량으로 인해 차세대 음극소재의 유망한 후보로 각광받고 있다. 실리콘 성능을 개선하기 위한 수많은 전략 중 실리콘을 나노 단위로 소형화 하는 전략 (SiNPs)은 리튬이온의 확산 경로를 단축하고 구조적 파괴 거동을 완화하는 효과적인 접근법 중 하나로 제안되어 왔다. 그러나, SiNPs는 높은 비표면적으로 인해 초기 쿨롱 효율이 낮고, 전해질과의 지속적인 부반응을 발생시켜 장기적인 사이클링 시 성능 저하를 겪는다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SiNPs를 분무 건조 기법으로 마이크로 단위의 2차 입자로 제작한 후(M-SiNPs로 표시), 기상/액상 탄소 전구체를 활용하여 SiNPs에 두껍고 견고한 탄소 코팅층을 갖는 실리콘-탄소 복합체(M-SiNPs@C로 표시)를 개발하였다. 우선, 벤젠을 탄소 전구체로 활용한 Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (AACVD) 공정을 통해 M-SiNPs 표면에 두꺼운 탄소 코팅층을 성공적으로 형성하였으며, 이후 액상 형태의 피치를 도입하여 복합체 내부 공극까지 탄소를 주입시켰다. 이러한 기상/액상의 탄소 전구체를 도입한 복합체 구조는 SiNPs의 비표면적을 감소시키는 동시에 전기 전도성을 향상시켰다. 또한, M-SiNPs와 전해질의 직접적인 접촉을 효과적으로 차단하고, 견고한 구조 설계와 우수한 기계적 특성으로 인해 안정적인 SEI 층을 형성하였다. 그 결과, M-SiNPs@C 복합체는 M-SiNPs와 비교하여 10.9% 높은 초기 쿨롱 효율과 50 사이클 시 11.1%의 향상된 용량 유지율을 달성하며 우수한 전기화학적 안정성을 나타냈다.