The PANC-1 50 pM image appears highly similar to MIA-PaCa 100 pM.In addition, in Fig. 6a, the GPC3_3 30 and 120 min mice appear highly similar, with identical leg and ear positions, but different fluorescence.The authors have provided partial raw data to address these concerns.However,

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) suffer from severe performance degradation when operating under harsh conditions such as fuel starvation, shut-down/start-up, and open circuit voltage. A fundamental solution to these technical issues requires an integrated approach rather than condition-specific solutions. In this study, an anode catalyst based on Pt nanoparticles encapsulated in a multifunctional carbon layer (MCL), acting as a molecular sieve layer and protective layer is designed. The MCL enabled selective hydrogen oxidation reaction on the surface of the Pt nanoparticles while preventing their dissolution and agglomeration. Thus, the structural deterioration of a membrane electrode assembly can be effectively suppressed under various harsh operating conditions. The results demonstrated that redesigning the anode catalyst structure can serve as a promising strategy to maximize the service life of the current PEMFC system.

Abstract One of the primary challenges in relation to phosphoric acid fuel cells is catalyst poisoning by phosphate anions that occurs at the interface between metal nanoparticles and the electrolyte. The strong adsorption of phosphate anions on the catalyst surface limits the active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), significantly deteriorating fuel cell performance. Here, antipoisoning catalysts consisting of Pt‐based nanoparticles encapsulated in an ultrathin carbon shell that can be used as a molecular sieve layer are rationally designed. The pore structure of the carbon shells is systematically regulated at the atomic level by high‐temperature gas treatment, allowing O 2 molecules to selectively react on the active sites of the metal nanoparticles through the molecular sieves. Besides, the carbon shell, as a protective layer, effectively prevents metal dissolution from the catalyst during a long‐term operation. Consequently, the defect‐controlled carbon shell leads to outstanding ORR activity and durability of the hybrid catalyst even in phosphoric acid electrolytes.

Aptaprobe has the potential to be used as an affinity reagent to detect the target in vivo and in vitro diagnosing system.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer nanovesicles secreted by cells, carry nucleic acids, proteins, and other bioactive molecules that influence recipient cells and modulate various biological processes. This study investigated how energy depletion and fermentation processes influence the characteristics and physiological functions of EVs secreted by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. Specifically, we analyzed EVs derived from 24-h cultures, representing the glucose utilization phase, and 72-h cultures, representing the starvation stage. Under energy-depleted conditions (72-h cultures), yeast secreted a higher number of EV particles, albeit with a smaller average particle size. In contrast, EVs from yeast cultured for 24 h, during the glucose utilization phase, were enriched in Pep12-rich endosome-derived vesicles and exhibited 71% higher cellular internalization efficiency. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed distinct protein and microRNA profiles between EVs from 24- and 72-h cultures, highlighting their potential roles in tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and collagen synthesis. As a result, EVs derived from 24-h cultures exhibited a 15% greater effect in promoting collagen synthesis. The differential effects on collagen production may be attributed to the efficiency of endocytosis and the specific protein and microRNA cargo of the EVs. This study emphasizes the functional potential and unique properties of yeast-derived EVs while proposing strategies to modulate EV composition by adjusting the yeast culture duration and the energy source in the medium. Further research is needed to control yeast-produced EV components and to understand their mechanisms of action for effective therapeutic applications.

The PANC-1 50 pM image appears highly similar to MIA-PaCa 100 pM.In addition, in Fig. 6a, the GPC3_3 30 and 120 min mice appear highly similar, with identical leg and ear positions, but different fluorescence.The authors have provided partial raw data to address these concerns.However,

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) suffer from severe performance degradation when operating under harsh conditions such as fuel starvation, shut-down/start-up, and open circuit voltage. A fundamental solution to these technical issues requires an integrated approach rather than condition-specific solutions. In this study, an anode catalyst based on Pt nanoparticles encapsulated in a multifunctional carbon layer (MCL), acting as a molecular sieve layer and protective layer is designed. The MCL enabled selective hydrogen oxidation reaction on the surface of the Pt nanoparticles while preventing their dissolution and agglomeration. Thus, the structural deterioration of a membrane electrode assembly can be effectively suppressed under various harsh operating conditions. The results demonstrated that redesigning the anode catalyst structure can serve as a promising strategy to maximize the service life of the current PEMFC system.

Abstract One of the primary challenges in relation to phosphoric acid fuel cells is catalyst poisoning by phosphate anions that occurs at the interface between metal nanoparticles and the electrolyte. The strong adsorption of phosphate anions on the catalyst surface limits the active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), significantly deteriorating fuel cell performance. Here, antipoisoning catalysts consisting of Pt‐based nanoparticles encapsulated in an ultrathin carbon shell that can be used as a molecular sieve layer are rationally designed. The pore structure of the carbon shells is systematically regulated at the atomic level by high‐temperature gas treatment, allowing O 2 molecules to selectively react on the active sites of the metal nanoparticles through the molecular sieves. Besides, the carbon shell, as a protective layer, effectively prevents metal dissolution from the catalyst during a long‐term operation. Consequently, the defect‐controlled carbon shell leads to outstanding ORR activity and durability of the hybrid catalyst even in phosphoric acid electrolytes.