Abstract This study conducts an in‐depth analysis of Japanese women entrepreneurs' career formation, examining how they navigate the acquisition of essential capital, such as human, cultural, social, and financial, to initiate and sustain their business ventures. It delves into the societal and cultural barriers in Japan, drawing comparisons with South Korea to shed light on the factors contributing to the relatively low engagement of Japanese women in entrepreneurship. Interviews were conducted with 69 women entrepreneurs, unveiling diverse career trajectories and underscoring the significant impact of life events on their decision to pursue entrepreneurship. This study covers the numerous challenges these women face, from societal expectations to balancing family and work, and it considers how they creatively overcome them. The findings of this study not only highlight the resilience and resourcefulness of Japanese women entrepreneurs but also indicate the implications for policy and practice to foster a more supportive environment for women's entrepreneurial endeavors in Japan and similar contexts.

An insightful way of understanding how the sum of cubes from 1 3 to n 3 can be represented by the square of the Gauss sum from 1 to n .

Clothing behavior is essential factor in the process of building one’s self-esteem and protecting one’s body. However, people with disabilities face few options when choosing appropriate clothing for their social lives in Korea. The purpose of this research is to explore clothing behavior for wheelchair users with functional, psychological, and aesthetical aspects and to analyze design factors for adaptive clothing design based on these aspects. To explore wheelchair users’ challenges and experiences in clothing behavior, qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with five care-givers at the center for independent living for disabled people in South Korea upon IRB approval. The interview data was interwoven with indirect observation data from the top five ranked YouTube videos created by wheelchair users who are able to work and socialize. The multiple layered data was analyzed based on the three levels of coding scheme used in grounded theory analysis. As a result, five themes were emerged from the data. First, wheelchair users face problems because of diverse physical features and environmental barriers. Second, There is a lack of clothing that meets the psychological and aesthetical needs of wheelchair users to choose in their social lives. Third, there are material-related problems such as inappropriate fabric that is susceptible to contamination and prone to becoming threadbare. Fourth, wheelchair users face limitations in dressing and undressing with a diverse range of reasons. Fifth, wheelchair users do not have enough clothing options to find a comfortable fit, especially regarding patterns, details, and fabric. These factors have co-relationship for wheelchair users to improve their self-esteem and meet their aesthetical needs beyond functionality. The results showed that adaptive clothing design for wheelchair users should be considered these factors holistically in the future.

Purpose: This study aims to verify the reactions of nail service consumers to indecisiveness during the service purchase process and the effect of indecisiveness on purchase intention and purchase delay. Moreover, it examines whether consumers’ indecisiveness affects their purchase intentions and purchase delay differently depending on the content of message framing presented by service providers. Finally, this study provides implications for nail shops to improve consumer satisfaction and their business performance through efficient and empirical data.Methods: A total of 621 questionnaires were distributed to women who experienced indecisiveness while using nail services or who suffered from chronic indecisiveness. Finally, 414 questionnaires were utilized, excluding 207 questionnaires that were unsuitable or inappropriate for the study. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 were utilized for frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, structural equation model analysis, and χ<sup>2</sup> difference verification.Results: Findings confirmed that indecisiveness during the service purchase process has a significant effect on purchase intention and purchase delay among consumers of nail services. In addition, the message framing presented by the service provider was found to partially moderate the relationship between indecisiveness, purchase intention, and purchase delay of nail service consumers, depending on the message framing content.Conclusion: Consumers’ indecisiveness had a significant effect on their purchase intention and purchase delay. Therefore, nail service providers must develop a strategy that can reduce the factors of nail service consumers’ indecisiveness during the purchase process and improve their business performance by enhancing the personal capabilities of service providers, thereby increasing the satisfaction of nail service customers.

본 연구는 가상가치평가법(CVM)을 이용하여 철원의 철새도래지의 경제적 가치를 평가하는데 목적을 두었다. 로짓모델 분석결과를 보면, 지불의사에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 지불금액, 거주지, 방문경험 및 지지도 등이 가설적 상황과 실제적 상황에서 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 지불의사금액의 절단된 평균을 기준으로 지불의사금액은 가구당 가설적 상황의 경우 125,043원, 실제적 상황1의 경우 73,518원 그리고 실제적 상황2의 경우 48,675원으로 평가되었으며, 이에 따른 우리나라 전체 인구를 고려한 보존가치는 각각 2조 6820억원, 1조 5768억원 및 1조 440억원으로 평가되었다. 철원 철새도래지에 대한 보존가치를 3가지로 구분하여 평가한 결과 응답자들은 유산가치(45.1%)를 가장 높게 평가하고 있었으며, 존재가치(29.6%), 선택가치(25.3%) 순으로 가치를 평가하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 결과적으로 철원 철새도래지의 가장 중요한 가치는 후대에 물려줘야 할 유산으로서의 가치를 가장 중요하다고 평가하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between childcare teachers' teacher efficacy, teachers' professional perception, and role performance, and to examine the mediating effect of professional perception on teacher efficacy and role performance. Methods The study subjects used data collected from 212 nursery teachers from daycare centers located in Gyeonggi, Seoul. The structural equation model was analyzed to identify the structural relationships between the major variables, and the bootstrapping method was used to determine the mediating effect. Results First, the results of this study showed a significant static correlation between teacher efficacy, professionalism recognition, and teacher role performance of childcare teachers. Second, it was discovered that childcare teachers' perceptions of expertise had a direct impact on their ability to perform their roles. Third, there was a partial mediating effect of professionalism recognition in the relationship between teacher efficacy and role performance of childcare teachers. Conclusions It is important to raise teachers' awareness of efficacy and professionalism in order to increase the level of role performance of childcare teachers. Based on the results of this study, basic data were provided for the development of national policies and professional education programs be of significance to.

Abstract This study conducts an in‐depth analysis of Japanese women entrepreneurs' career formation, examining how they navigate the acquisition of essential capital, such as human, cultural, social, and financial, to initiate and sustain their business ventures. It delves into the societal and cultural barriers in Japan, drawing comparisons with South Korea to shed light on the factors contributing to the relatively low engagement of Japanese women in entrepreneurship. Interviews were conducted with 69 women entrepreneurs, unveiling diverse career trajectories and underscoring the significant impact of life events on their decision to pursue entrepreneurship. This study covers the numerous challenges these women face, from societal expectations to balancing family and work, and it considers how they creatively overcome them. The findings of this study not only highlight the resilience and resourcefulness of Japanese women entrepreneurs but also indicate the implications for policy and practice to foster a more supportive environment for women's entrepreneurial endeavors in Japan and similar contexts.

An insightful way of understanding how the sum of cubes from 1 3 to n 3 can be represented by the square of the Gauss sum from 1 to n .