The prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in Asia is reported to range from 13.53% to 22.31%. However, there remains a gap in the identification of PPD, particularly regarding cultural cutoff points. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of PPD in Eastern, South-eastern, Western, and Southern Asian countries and analyze the cutoff points of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) used across these countries. Following Arksey and O'Malley's five-step scoping review framework, the population was defined as mothers, the concept as the EPDS, and the context as the Asian region. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The data analysis focused on demographic characteristics, EPDS cutoffs and features, PPD prevalence, and its associated factors. Nineteen studies were selected. Most countries used translated versions of the EPDS with demonstrated reliability and validity. The cutoff scores varied, with most using scores of 10 or higher. The prevalence of PPD ranged from 5.1% to 78.7%. Key associated factors for PPD included cultural factors such as relationships with in-laws and preferences for the newborn's sex. To improve the accuracy of PPD screening in Asia, the EPDS should be used consistently, and appropriate cutoff criteria must be established. In addition, prevention strategies and programs that reflect the cultural characteristics and social context of Asia need to be developed for the early detection and prevention of PPD.

Reductase expression is a potential indicator of cellular pathology. Single-detection systems for reductases have been developed, however, the development of dual-detection systems remain largely unexplored. We rationally designed a dual-lock fluorescent probe that exhibited a high signal-to-noise ratio with a fluorescence Off-On response exclusively for the simultaneous activity of two reductases, NTR and hNQO1, which are overexpressed in cancer hypoxia. The system comprised a naphthalimide fluorophore with dual-lock control mediated by PET and ICT, a trimethyl-locked quinone group sensitive to hNQO1, and a nitrobenzyl carbamate group sensitive to NTR. This study employed a hypoxia model in HeLa cells to demonstrate that our developed dual-lock system detected hypoxia more effectively than single-detection systems. Moreover, it enabled noninvasive real-time monitoring of hypoxia in zebrafish embryos. Consequently, the dual-lock fluorescent probe, which strategically provides a fluorescence response only when both NTR and NQO1 are active, offers a novel diagnostic platform for both in vitro and in vivo applications, effectively detecting hypoxia and monitoring various pathological states.

Amonafide, an anthracene derivative, exerts anticancer effects through DNA intercalation and topoisomerase II inhibition, but its clinical use is limited by low efficacy and severe side effects. To address these limitations, we designed biomarker-responsive amonafide-based prodrugs for selective activation in tumor microenvironments enriched with nitroreductase (NTR) or hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). Among them, Amo-c-NO 2 exhibited the most potent anticancer activity and selective fluorescence activation at 585 nm in response to NTR, enabling real-time tumor imaging, in both live cells and 3D tumor spheroid models. Once activated, Amo-c-NO 2 translocates from mitochondria to the nucleus, inducing apoptosis via topoisomerase inhibition and DNA damage. In vivo , it effectively suppressed tumor growth with minimal side effects. These findings establish Amo-c-NO 2 as a promising biomarker-activated theranostic agent for precise and effective cancer therapy. • Rational design and synthesis of a series of biomarker-responsive amonafide-based prodrugs. • Amo-c-NO 2 is selectively activated by nitroreductase (NTR) under tumor hypoxia. • NTR-activated Amo-c-NO 2 induces apoptosis via mitochondrial-to-nuclear translocation and DNA damage. • Amo-c-NO 2 demonstrates potent anticancer activity while sparing normal cells, in both in vitro and in vivo . • Amo-c-NO 2 effectively suppresses tumor growth with minimal side effects in xenograft models.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major complications associated with liver transplantation, contributing to graft rejection and liver dysfunction. Early detection of ischemic damage prior to reperfusion is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. While previous studies have primarily focused on detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during IRI, specific detection of ischemic injury itself, characterized by hypoxia, remains underexplored. Here, we developed <b>QN-NIR</b>, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe designed for dual activation by two hypoxia-associated reductases, human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (hNQO1) and nitroreductases (NTRs). Both enzymes are upregulated under hypoxic conditions, and their activation of <b>QN-NIR</b> triggers a strong Off-On NIR fluorescence response at 708 nm. This dual-enzyme strategy offers high signal-to-noise (s/n) contrast with minimal false-positive signals under normoxic conditions. <b>QN-NIR</b> enables precise, real-time visualization of hepatic ischemia prior to reperfusion in vivo, thereby supporting the potential of hypoxia as a key and directly targetable feature of ischemic injury. While further studies are needed to fully delineate its clinical applicability, this work highlights <b>QN-NIR</b> as a promising platform for early, noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic ischemia and for distinguishing it from reperfusion-related oxidative stress.