The current- and H 2 -producing performances of microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) were predicted by constructing machine learning models based on the previous 76 MEC datasets, making it the largest dataset to date. All models showed high correlation efficiency (R 2 > 0.92) in predicting MEC performances. When the models were constructed separately based on the organic substrate type used in the anode of MECs, the models based solely on acetate-fed MEC data exhibited higher prediction accuracies compared to those on all kinds of substrate or complex substrate-based data. As a results of the feature importance analysis, the applied voltage and cathode surface area were identified as the two most critical factors in the acetate-fed MEC data models. Still low prediction accuracies in the models here seem to be due to several important features which could not be numerically presented and thus not be considered as input variables such as electrode material types. • RF models were constructed to predict current and H 2 productions from MECs. • All models showed high prediction accuracies based on total 76 data points. • The models were constructed separately based on the organic substrate type fed. • The E ap and cathode surface area were critical factors in acetate-fed MEC models. • Non-numerical factors need to be considered such as electrode material types.

Abstract Concrete, as the most widely used construction material, is inextricably connected with human development. Despite conceptual and methodological progress in concrete science, concrete formulation for target properties remains a challenging task due to the ever-increasing complexity of cementitious systems. With the ability to tackle complex tasks autonomously, machine learning (ML) has demonstrated its transformative potential in concrete research. Given the rapid adoption of ML for concrete mixture design, there is a need to understand methodological limitations and formulate best practices in this emerging computational field. Here, we review the areas in which ML has positively impacted concrete science, followed by a comprehensive discussion of the implementation, application, and interpretation of ML algorithms. We conclude by outlining future directions for the concrete community to fully exploit the capabilities of ML models.