ABSTRACT Tandem organic solar cells (TOSCs) offer a promising route to surpassing the efficiency limits of single‐junction devices, yet their performance remains constrained by interfacial losses at the charge recombination layer (CRL). Here, we report a chemically passivated polymeric CRL based on spontaneous in situ protonation‐induced ionic self‐assembly of amine‐rich polyelectrolytes on PEDOT:PSS. This process forms a robust dipole layer that significantly reduces the work function of PEDOT:PSS, creating a favorable energetic alignment for charge recombination. Notably, temperature‐dependent current‐voltage analysis provides quantitative insight into interfacial energetics, revealing a near‐zero or even negative effective barrier height (Φ B ≈ −28 meV) at the polymeric CRL interface. This result, which signifies a nearly ideal ohmic contact, stands in contrast to the substantial energy barrier (Φ B ≈ 33 meV) that impedes charge transport in conventional ZnO‐based CRLs. As a result of the barrier‐free recombination, homojunction TOSCs incorporating polymeric CRL yield a power conversion efficiency of over 18%, outperforming their ZnO‐based counterparts. This work presents a versatile and scalable interfacial engineering strategy that harnesses in‐situ chemical reactions to concurrently stabilize interfaces and tailor electronic properties, providing an effective pathway toward high‐performance, reliable TOSCs.

Compared with other treatments, surgical resection is an effective treatment method with the lowest local recurrence rate and the highest survival rate for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To achieve excellent results after surgical treatment, it is essential to carefully select patients who are suitable for hepatic resection and minimize postoperative complications and liver function decline through standardized surgical methods and pre- and postoperative management. However, domestic and international treatment guidelines only broadly recommend the application of hepatic resection for HCC with a single tumor and good liver function. Hence, practical treatment guidelines are required that can be standardized and used according to the varying clinical environments, including indications for hepatic resection, preoperative evaluation, basic principles of hepatic resection, minimally invasive hepatic resection, pre- and postoperative patient management, surgical treatment considerations in specific infection situations, and follow-up after surgical resection. Accordingly, an expert group from the Korean Liver Cancer Association Research Committee has developed practical recommendations based on expert consensus regarding the surgical treatment of HCC through a Delphi study.

Numerous low-level vision tasks operate in the RAW domain due to its linear properties, bit depth, and sensor designs. Despite this, RAW image datasets are scarce and more expensive to collect than the already large and public sRGB datasets. For this reason, many approaches try to generate realistic RAW images using sensor information and sRGB images. This paper covers the second challenge on RAW Reconstruction from sRGB (Reverse ISP). We aim to recover RAW sensor images from smartphones given the corresponding sRGB images without metadata and, by doing this, “reverse” the ISP transformation. Over 150 participants joined this NTIRE 2025 challenge and submitted efficient models. The proposed methods and benchmark establish the state-of-the-art for generating realistic RAW data.

Statin therapy may be a potentially favorable medication for patients undergoing hepatectomy for ICC. However, further evaluation of its clinical benefits is required, and additional studies are recommended.

Tobacco smoking causes cancers and deaths in Korea, however, it is preventable. Effective control policies that consider trends and vulnerabilities among female are required.

Compared with other treatments, surgical resection is an effective treatment method with the lowest local recurrence rate and the highest survival rate for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To achieve excellent results after surgical treatment, it is essential to carefully select patients who are suitable for hepatic resection and minimize postoperative complications and liver function decline through standardized surgical methods and pre- and postoperative management. However, domestic and international treatment guidelines only broadly recommend the application of hepatic resection for HCC with a single tumor and good liver function. Hence, practical treatment guidelines are required that can be standardized and used according to the varying clinical environments, including indications for hepatic resection, preoperative evaluation, basic principles of hepatic resection, minimally invasive hepatic resection, pre- and postoperative patient management, surgical treatment considerations in specific infection situations, and follow-up after surgical resection. Accordingly, an expert group from the Korean Liver Cancer Association Research Committee has developed practical recommendations based on expert consensus regarding the surgical treatment of HCC through a Delphi study.

ABSTRACT Tandem organic solar cells (TOSCs) offer a promising route to surpassing the efficiency limits of single‐junction devices, yet their performance remains constrained by interfacial losses at the charge recombination layer (CRL). Here, we report a chemically passivated polymeric CRL based on spontaneous in situ protonation‐induced ionic self‐assembly of amine‐rich polyelectrolytes on PEDOT:PSS. This process forms a robust dipole layer that significantly reduces the work function of PEDOT:PSS, creating a favorable energetic alignment for charge recombination. Notably, temperature‐dependent current‐voltage analysis provides quantitative insight into interfacial energetics, revealing a near‐zero or even negative effective barrier height (Φ B ≈ −28 meV) at the polymeric CRL interface. This result, which signifies a nearly ideal ohmic contact, stands in contrast to the substantial energy barrier (Φ B ≈ 33 meV) that impedes charge transport in conventional ZnO‐based CRLs. As a result of the barrier‐free recombination, homojunction TOSCs incorporating polymeric CRL yield a power conversion efficiency of over 18%, outperforming their ZnO‐based counterparts. This work presents a versatile and scalable interfacial engineering strategy that harnesses in‐situ chemical reactions to concurrently stabilize interfaces and tailor electronic properties, providing an effective pathway toward high‐performance, reliable TOSCs.