목적:폐배터리에서 리튬, 니켈, 코발트, 망간 등의 유가금속 자원을 Shewanella putrefaciens의 혐기성 미생물 호흡을 통해 환원 및 친환경적으로 추출할 수 있는 가능성을 확인한다. 방법:혐기성 조건에서 환경 미생물인 Shewanella putrefaciens를 사용하여 NCM622 양극재(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2)에서 리튬, 니켈, 코발트, 망간의 금속 추출을 시도하였다. 금속 산화물 환원 과정을 모방하여 pH 7.5 조건에서 금속 추출 가능성을 평가하였다. 결과 및 토의:연구 결과, 미생물을 이용한 방법으로 NCM622에 포함된 전체 금속의 약 26%가 중성(pH 7.5) 조건에서 추출 가능함을 확인하였다. 기존의 산성 습식 공정과 달리 추가적인 화학물질 사용 없이 금속 추출이 가능함을 보여주었으며, 환경 시스템에서 발생할 수 있는 중금속 오염 가능성도 정량적으로 평가되었다. 결론:미생물 호흡을 이용한 금속 추출은 리튬 이온 배터리에서 금속을 지속 가능하게 회수할 수 있는 새로운 경로를 제시하며, 환경적 지속가능성을 향상시키는 잠재력을 보여준다. 이 방법은 배터리 폐기물에 의한 중금속 오염 문제 해결에도 기여할 수 있다.

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has been recognized as an eco-friendly separation system owing to its excellent cost and energy saving efficiency, easy scale-up in the narrow area and mild operation conditions. Membrane properties are the key part in terms of determining the separation efficiency in the OSN system. In this review paper, the recently reported OSN thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were investigated to understand insight of membrane materials and performance. Especially, we highlighted the representative study concepts and materials of the selective layer of OSN TFC membranes for non-polar solvents. The proper choice of monomers and additives for the selective layer forms much more interconnected voids and the enhanced microporosity, which can improve membrane performance of the OSN TFC membrane with reducing the transport resistance. Therefore, this review paper could be an important bridge to connect with the next-generation OSN TFC membranes for non-polar solvents.

To address the increasing interest in environmental issues, green and sustainable material-based membranes have attracted significant research interest with the promise to replace fossil-based membranes and to reduce waste generation. In this work, more sustainable thin-film composite (TFC) membranes are designed and fabricated via interfacial polymerization of green building blocks, namely, shrimp farming waste chitosan in the aqueous phase and plant-based 2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde in the organic phase, on an upcycled polyethylene terephthalate porous support. The TFC membranes showed excellent acetone permeance up to 12 L m–2 h–1 bar–1 with a molecular weight cutoff value of approximately 317 g mol–1. The membrane separation performance was optimized by fine-tuning the building block concentrations, which provided a new upper-bound in the plot of acetone permeance versus styrene dimer rejection. In addition, for the first time, TamiSolve was employed as a green solvent to activate the selective layer of the chitosan-based TFC membrane, resulting in a significant enhancement in the permeance of diverse pure solvents including ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, and acetonitrile with no remarkable defects and high solute rejections. Our proposed green TFC fabrication platform enables the replacement of toxic and fossil-based solvents and reagents in developing high-performance and solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes.

Thin film composite (TFC) membranes is the dominant type of desalination in the field of membrane technology. Most of the TFC membranes are fabricated via interfacial polymerization (IP) technique. The ingenious chemistry of reacting acyl chlorides with diamines at the interface between two immiscible phases was first suggested by Cadotte back in the 1980s, and is still the main chemistry employed now. Researchers have made incremental improvements by incorporating various organic and inorganic additives. However, most of the TFC membrane literature are focused on improving the water desalination performance. Recently, the application spectrum of membrane technology has been expanding from the aqueous environment to harsh solvent environments, now commonly known as Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN) technology. In this work, some of the main additives widely used in the desalination TFC membranes were applied to OSN TFC membranes. It was found that tributyl phosphate (TBP) can improve the solubility of diamine monomer in the organic phase, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant can effectively stabilize the IP reaction interface. Employing both TBP and SDS exhibited synergistic effect that improved the membrane permeance and rejection in solvent environments.

High-performance and solvent-resistant TFC membranes fabricated solely from sustainable resources such as plant-based monomers, green solvents and recycled polymer waste.

The availability of highly reliable p-type two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors is essential for implementing complementary logic circuits, low-power electronics, and multi-functional devices. Despite significant progress in 2D field-effect transistor (FET) research, studies on p-type materials and their device applications remain insufficient. In this study, we report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of p-type FET based on 2D tungsten diselenide (2D-WSe2) synthesized via a two-step synthetic method. The optimized process involving sequential tungsten trioxide (WO3) precursor deposition and selenization, yielded few-layer 2D-WSe2 films with controlled thickness. The fabricated back-gate transistors exhibited a clear p-type conduction behavior, with an on/off current ratio exceeding 103, a hole mobility of 0.03 cm2/V·s, and a low gate leakage current of < 0.2 nA. Also, the synaptic characteristics were evaluated under successive pulse measurements, and stable operation was confirmed up to 400 cycles.

A robust and sustainable thin-film composite membrane, using green raw materials on a highly porous, electrospun and biodegradable support, was developed for molecular sieving.

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Si composite fibers (electrodes) with flexibility were fabricated using an elec-trospinning method and then Si-embedded carbon (Si/C) fibers were prepared by carbonizing the composite fibers at 800, 900, and 1000°C. Si particles were distributed in the interior and exterior of entangled PAN fibers. After carbonization, the structure of electrodes was preserved but the diameter of fibers was decreased owing to the release of component elements constituting PAN such as nitrogen and oxygen. Crystalline Si particles existed in carbon fibers with both amorphous and crystalline phases. As carbonization temperature increased, the carbon content and the crys-tallinity of carbon increased. The electrode carbonized at 1000°C with the lowest charge transfer resistance exhibited the best electrochemical properties in terms of capacity, coulombic efficiency and cycle life.

목적:폐배터리에서 리튬, 니켈, 코발트, 망간 등의 유가금속 자원을 Shewanella putrefaciens의 혐기성 미생물 호흡을 통해 환원 및 친환경적으로 추출할 수 있는 가능성을 확인한다. 방법:혐기성 조건에서 환경 미생물인 Shewanella putrefaciens를 사용하여 NCM622 양극재(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2)에서 리튬, 니켈, 코발트, 망간의 금속 추출을 시도하였다. 금속 산화물 환원 과정을 모방하여 pH 7.5 조건에서 금속 추출 가능성을 평가하였다. 결과 및 토의:연구 결과, 미생물을 이용한 방법으로 NCM622에 포함된 전체 금속의 약 26%가 중성(pH 7.5) 조건에서 추출 가능함을 확인하였다. 기존의 산성 습식 공정과 달리 추가적인 화학물질 사용 없이 금속 추출이 가능함을 보여주었으며, 환경 시스템에서 발생할 수 있는 중금속 오염 가능성도 정량적으로 평가되었다. 결론:미생물 호흡을 이용한 금속 추출은 리튬 이온 배터리에서 금속을 지속 가능하게 회수할 수 있는 새로운 경로를 제시하며, 환경적 지속가능성을 향상시키는 잠재력을 보여준다. 이 방법은 배터리 폐기물에 의한 중금속 오염 문제 해결에도 기여할 수 있다.

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has been recognized as an eco-friendly separation system owing to its excellent cost and energy saving efficiency, easy scale-up in the narrow area and mild operation conditions. Membrane properties are the key part in terms of determining the separation efficiency in the OSN system. In this review paper, the recently reported OSN thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were investigated to understand insight of membrane materials and performance. Especially, we highlighted the representative study concepts and materials of the selective layer of OSN TFC membranes for non-polar solvents. The proper choice of monomers and additives for the selective layer forms much more interconnected voids and the enhanced microporosity, which can improve membrane performance of the OSN TFC membrane with reducing the transport resistance. Therefore, this review paper could be an important bridge to connect with the next-generation OSN TFC membranes for non-polar solvents.

To address the increasing interest in environmental issues, green and sustainable material-based membranes have attracted significant research interest with the promise to replace fossil-based membranes and to reduce waste generation. In this work, more sustainable thin-film composite (TFC) membranes are designed and fabricated via interfacial polymerization of green building blocks, namely, shrimp farming waste chitosan in the aqueous phase and plant-based 2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde in the organic phase, on an upcycled polyethylene terephthalate porous support. The TFC membranes showed excellent acetone permeance up to 12 L m–2 h–1 bar–1 with a molecular weight cutoff value of approximately 317 g mol–1. The membrane separation performance was optimized by fine-tuning the building block concentrations, which provided a new upper-bound in the plot of acetone permeance versus styrene dimer rejection. In addition, for the first time, TamiSolve was employed as a green solvent to activate the selective layer of the chitosan-based TFC membrane, resulting in a significant enhancement in the permeance of diverse pure solvents including ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, and acetonitrile with no remarkable defects and high solute rejections. Our proposed green TFC fabrication platform enables the replacement of toxic and fossil-based solvents and reagents in developing high-performance and solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes.

Thin film composite (TFC) membranes is the dominant type of desalination in the field of membrane technology. Most of the TFC membranes are fabricated via interfacial polymerization (IP) technique. The ingenious chemistry of reacting acyl chlorides with diamines at the interface between two immiscible phases was first suggested by Cadotte back in the 1980s, and is still the main chemistry employed now. Researchers have made incremental improvements by incorporating various organic and inorganic additives. However, most of the TFC membrane literature are focused on improving the water desalination performance. Recently, the application spectrum of membrane technology has been expanding from the aqueous environment to harsh solvent environments, now commonly known as Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN) technology. In this work, some of the main additives widely used in the desalination TFC membranes were applied to OSN TFC membranes. It was found that tributyl phosphate (TBP) can improve the solubility of diamine monomer in the organic phase, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant can effectively stabilize the IP reaction interface. Employing both TBP and SDS exhibited synergistic effect that improved the membrane permeance and rejection in solvent environments.