The study showed that there were cerebral bioenergetic differences in both BD and HC veteran participants at two different sites, which may be partly explained by altitude difference. Future studies are needed to replicate these results in order to elucidate the dysfunctional mitochondrial changes that occur in response to hypobaric hypoxia.

The present findings demonstrate that the K-SPRINT had good psychometric properties and can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of PTSD.

Soluble fractalkine has a distinctive role of inflammatory process in neuronal system, however, it have not been investigated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we evaluated the plasma soluble fractalkine levels in patients with cognitive impairment and healthy control subjects and investigated the alterations of plasma soluble fractalkine levels within the patient group. One hundred-two patients with cognitive impairment including 51 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 51 AD patients, and 57 healthy control subjects enrolled in this study. The Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) was used to evaluate the severity of cognitive impairment of the patients. Human plasma soluble fractalkine were measured by using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The plasma soluble fractakline significantly increased in the patient group in comparison to the control group. Significant differences in plasma soluble fractalkine levels with a sequential decrease trend were found among the MCI, the mild to moderate AD, and severe AD patients Also, the MMSE scores had positive correlation between MMSE scores and plasma soluble fractalkine in the patient group. This study provides the evidence that the soluble fractalkine is likely to play some roles in AD pathogenesis. In addition, the soluble fractalkine may be a possible biomarker of AD onset and progression.

It has been suggested that oxidative injuries have important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we assess whether the plasma levels of albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid would be altered in the AD patients compared to those of the healthy controls. Furthermore, we tried to find the correlations between plasma antioxidant levels and the cognitive function in AD patients. The plasma albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid levels were measured by standard methods in 101 AD patients and 101 healthy controls. The Korean version of Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE–K) was used to evaluate the cognitive functions of AD patients. A significant reduction in the albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid levels in the AD group was found compared to those of the control group. The scores of MMSE–K showed the positive correlation with albumin level in the AD group after adjusting confounding factors such as body mass index, gender and age. This study showed that oxidative injuries would be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, as well as indicating that some antioxidant might be associated with the cognitive functions in AD.

The study showed that there were cerebral bioenergetic differences in both BD and HC veteran participants at two different sites, which may be partly explained by altitude difference. Future studies are needed to replicate these results in order to elucidate the dysfunctional mitochondrial changes that occur in response to hypobaric hypoxia.

The present findings demonstrate that the K-SPRINT had good psychometric properties and can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of PTSD.

Soluble fractalkine has a distinctive role of inflammatory process in neuronal system, however, it have not been investigated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we evaluated the plasma soluble fractalkine levels in patients with cognitive impairment and healthy control subjects and investigated the alterations of plasma soluble fractalkine levels within the patient group. One hundred-two patients with cognitive impairment including 51 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 51 AD patients, and 57 healthy control subjects enrolled in this study. The Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) was used to evaluate the severity of cognitive impairment of the patients. Human plasma soluble fractalkine were measured by using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The plasma soluble fractakline significantly increased in the patient group in comparison to the control group. Significant differences in plasma soluble fractalkine levels with a sequential decrease trend were found among the MCI, the mild to moderate AD, and severe AD patients Also, the MMSE scores had positive correlation between MMSE scores and plasma soluble fractalkine in the patient group. This study provides the evidence that the soluble fractalkine is likely to play some roles in AD pathogenesis. In addition, the soluble fractalkine may be a possible biomarker of AD onset and progression.

It has been suggested that oxidative injuries have important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we assess whether the plasma levels of albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid would be altered in the AD patients compared to those of the healthy controls. Furthermore, we tried to find the correlations between plasma antioxidant levels and the cognitive function in AD patients. The plasma albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid levels were measured by standard methods in 101 AD patients and 101 healthy controls. The Korean version of Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE–K) was used to evaluate the cognitive functions of AD patients. A significant reduction in the albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid levels in the AD group was found compared to those of the control group. The scores of MMSE–K showed the positive correlation with albumin level in the AD group after adjusting confounding factors such as body mass index, gender and age. This study showed that oxidative injuries would be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, as well as indicating that some antioxidant might be associated with the cognitive functions in AD.

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Perinatal depression and anxiety are significant mental health concerns, and pharmacological treatments often pose considerable challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mental health status of pregnant and postpartum women and identify the factors affecting perinatal depression and anxiety. <b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional study included 286 pregnant and postpartum women who completed questionnaires, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Korean Version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (K-EPDS), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). <b>Results</b>: Symptoms of depression and anxiety were prevalent among participants. PHQ-9-positive cases were significantly less frequent in women from nuclear families, and their Pregnancy Stress Scale scores were significantly higher. K-EPDS-positive women had significantly lower rates of wanted pregnancies and marital satisfaction. GAD-7-positive cases showed significantly lower rates of wanted pregnancies, lower levels of social support, and higher Pregnancy Stress Scale scores. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings highlight key psychosocial factors associated with perinatal depression and anxiety among pregnant and postpartum women, underscoring the importance of comprehensive mental health assessment during the perinatal period.

This study aimed to investigate the association between representative Insulin resistance (IR) surrogates and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study consisted of 8606 adults from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2019-2021), a nationwide population-based database. The STOP-Bang questionnaire was used for assessing the risk of OSA. Fasting insulin concentrations, triglyceride glucose index (TyG index), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were used as surrogate IR markers. A multivariable logistic regression and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were applied to examine the association between IR and OSA risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only TyG index (odds ratio [OR] 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56-2.62) was significantly associated with an increased risk of OSA. Results of the RCS analysis showed a positive nonlinear relationship between HOMA-IR and OSA risk (p for non-linearity < 0.001). Subgroup RCS analyses indicated that the effect of elevated TyG index on increasing risk of OSA was more pronounced in males, those aged over 60 years, and smokers. These findings suggest that the TyG index may be a more promising surrogate marker for identifying individuals at increased risk of OSA than other IR indicators. It may serve as a practical tool for OSA risk assessment, particularly in populations with elevated metabolic burden.