Abstract Research Summary Extant studies suggest that a particular set of means, once in place, prompt entrepreneurs to enact effectual decision‐making. However, little is known about how such effectual means are developed, particularly when entrepreneurs' primary means are digital capital rather than pre‐existing effectual means. To address this gap, our qualitative research examines an emerging phenomenon in which young people engage in side‐hustling through social media. Our findings reveal that entrepreneurs develop effectual means by leveraging digital capital through browsing, consulting, and imitating. This developmental process is significantly streamlined by digital capital's generativity, recommendability, and multimodality, with its cost‐effectiveness dynamically assessed to determine the continuity of development. Drawing on these findings, we discuss implications for effectuation theory and entrepreneurship studies. Managerial Summary Entrepreneurs are known to rely on their established means for effectual decision‐making. However, little is known about how entrepreneurs make effectual decisions when they possess digital capital but have underdeveloped means for effectuation. This study explores how young side‐hustlers on social media build means for effectuation through browsing, consulting, and imitating. The generativity, recommendability, and multimodality of digital capital significantly enhance this developmental process, while cost‐effectiveness is continuously assessed to determine whether to proceed. We develop a process model that illustrates how entrepreneurs leverage and optimize digital capital to drive effectuation in the digital age.

Abstract Hitherto marginalized in the extant innovation studies is the role of intermediaries in innovation ecosystems, which require greater coordination and orchestration between manifold organizations. We conduct qualitative research on the Precision Engineering Centre of Innovation to understand how this government-affiliated intermediary in Singapore takes the initiative in shaping an innovation ecosystem through which local/foreign precision engineering firms, government agencies, and multinational corporations harmoniously co-develop advanced manufacturing capabilities. By analyzing the qualitative data through the theoretical lenses of innovation ecosystem and intermediary, our findings reveal that intermediaries nurture ecosystems in four major steps: (1) developing the ecosystem vision, (2) forming the ecosystem community, (3) orchestrating the ecosystem resources, and (4) materializing the new value proposition. Based on this process model, the implications for innovation intermediary research, innovation ecosystem studies, and innovation policy are discussed.

Extant research on accelerators has primarily examined their distinctive attributes and associated performance outcomes, largely from a strategic differentiation perspective. Building on institutional theory, this study employs qualitative methods to identify both the common attributes that accelerators acquire through institutional isomorphism and the distinctive attributes that emerge in response to institutional pressures. Based on these findings, we aim to theorize different types of accelerators. Our analysis shows that Korean accelerators adopt varied responses when faced with multiple institutional pressures and logics. Based on these responses, they can be classified into Aligned AC, Hybrid-Growth AC, Maverick AC, Value-based AC, and Symbolic AC. These findings contribute theoretical insights into existing definitions of accelerator roles in prior work and extend studies grounded in the strategic differentiation perspective.

창업역량은 기업가정신 연구의 핵심 개념이지만, 이에 대한 정의와 구성개념에 대한 학술적 합의는 부족한 실정이다. 우리 연구는 창업역량의 개념적ž조작적 정의를 체계적 으로 도출하고, 이 개념을 구성하는 하위요소 간 상대적 중요도를 조사하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 가추법적(abductive) 추론 과정으로 전문가 심층인터뷰, 델파이 조사(Delphi method), 계층구조 분석(Analytic Hierarchy Process)을 수행했다. 연구 결과, 6개의 창업역량 구성개념(재무관리, 디지털마케팅, 학습, 직원관리, 기회지향성, 고객지향성)과 36개의 측정 문항이 도출되었다. 또한, 창업역량 중 재무관리와 디지털마케팅 역량이 상대적으로 중요하고 기회지향성과 고객 지향성은 비교적 낮은 가중치를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 창업역량-경영성과 관계성 연구, 신생의 불리함 연구 등에 이론적 시사점을 제시하고, 예비창업자에게 창업역량 진단도구의 형태로 실용적 기여를 할 수 있다.

전통적으로 기업가정신 연구는 여성창업가들이 여성성을 내재하고 있거나 수 동적으로 따른다고 가정했다. 이와 달리 우리 연구는 여성성이 전략적으로 연출될 수 있음을 밝히고, 연출 유형을 귀납적으로 이론화하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 생리혈 위생처리제품을 제조 및 판매하는 여성 기업 W스타트업(가칭)을 대상으로 15개월 간 에스노그라피 연구를 수행했다. 연구 결과, 여성창업가는 (i)직원관리형, (ii) 고객관계관리형, (iii) 제도대응형의 세 가지 유형 으로 여성성을 연출함을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 여성창업가는 신규 직원 관리를 위해 권위지양성, 관계지향성 등의 여성성을 연출하고, 타겟고객 마케팅을 위해 창업기업에 여성정체성을 부여 하고, 남성 중심 비공식적 제도에 대응하여 겸손 ž 순응 등의 여성성 고정관념을 의도적으로 표출할 수 있다. 이러한 발견은 여성-남성 창업가 간 성과를 비교하는 연구, 여성의 창업 의도 및 성과 등을 논의하는 연구 등에 이론적 시사점을 제시한다.

Existing research has long questioned the effectiveness of strategic planning, business planning, and technology planning. However, many entrepreneurial firms continue to actively engage in mediumto long-term planning. Addressing this gap between theory and practice, this study seeks to uncover the reasons why firms engage in planning. To accomplish this, we conducted an inductive content analysis of 578 proposals that describes the purposes of roadmapping workshops held between 2002 and 2018 by IfM Engage, a technology and knowledge transfer organization affiliated with the University of Cambridge. Our findings reveal that firms engage in planning for the following reasons: (1) setting strategic direction, (2) exploring innovation opportunities, (3) analyzing the industry environment, (4) managing stakeholder collaboration, (5) allocating resources efficiently, (6) strengthening organizational capabilities, and (7) responding to environmental changes and managing crises. These findings offer theoretical implications for research in strategic and business planning within the fields of entrepreneurship and management, as well as for roadmapping research in technology management.

본 논고에서는 1992년 한중 수교 이전에 한국과 대만 간에 이루었던 학술 교류의 제반 모 습을 고찰하는 데 중점을 두었다. 한국과 대만 간의 교류 개념은 지역과 지역 개념, 국가와 국가 개념, 지역과 국가의 혼재 개념이 시대에 따라 달리 적용되고 있다. 한국과 대만 간의 학술 교류는 시기적으로 크게 전 통시기, 일제시기, 국교시기(전반부와 후반부)로 나눌 수 있다. 전통시기의 학술 교류는 주로 사절 활동과 해상 표류를 통해 단순 정보를 입수하는 수준에 그치고 있다. 일제시기의 학술 교류는 주로 언론매체를 통해 상호 정보 교환하며 그 속에서 민족의 정체성을 찾으려고 노력 했다. 국교시기의 학술 교류는 초반기에 민주 진영 속에서 자유와 반공을 내세우며 상대국을 알아보기 시작하는 기반 조성에 머물렀고, 후반기에 들어와서 상호 협력과 경쟁 관계가 가미 되면서 상대국을 낱낱이 파악하고자 하는 심화 초입 단계에 들어섰다. 부록으로 단교 이후의 학술 교류는 정보의 세계화와 양 지역민의 열린 마음으로 접근하여 다양한 방면에서 예전보 다 더욱 심도 있고 활기차게 진행되고 있다.

Myriad people with no prior experience in business and entrepreneurship education are using social media to undertake vlogging, live-streaming, and selling for financial gain. To address the puzzle about how such a large number of inexperienced people learn to become skillful social media entrepreneurs, we conduct an inductive, qualitative study on ‘daigou’ agents: a type of social media entrepreneur, often students, who perform re-selling and personal shopping through social media, such as WeChat and Weibo. First, our findings propose that inexperienced people initially use social media to engage in two forms of vicarious learning (i.e., observational learning and online acquaintanceship learning), which are both rapid and low-cost and also facilitated by general social media affordances (i.e., browsing, communication, networking, and knowledge-gathering). Through vicarious learning, inexperienced people acquire knowledge about contextual social media affordances that enable the conduct of operational tasks (e.g., product selection, advertising, receiving payments, building customer trust, complaint management, and recruitment) and model social media posts that visually illustrate the realization of contextual affordances. Second, our findings also show that social media features offer inexperienced people the capabilities to apply vicariously acquired knowledge in one or more of three forms of application: reproductive, selective, and experimental. Based on these findings, the implications for entrepreneurship studies and policy-makers/managers are discussed.

Abstract Research Summary Extant studies suggest that a particular set of means, once in place, prompt entrepreneurs to enact effectual decision‐making. However, little is known about how such effectual means are developed, particularly when entrepreneurs' primary means are digital capital rather than pre‐existing effectual means. To address this gap, our qualitative research examines an emerging phenomenon in which young people engage in side‐hustling through social media. Our findings reveal that entrepreneurs develop effectual means by leveraging digital capital through browsing, consulting, and imitating. This developmental process is significantly streamlined by digital capital's generativity, recommendability, and multimodality, with its cost‐effectiveness dynamically assessed to determine the continuity of development. Drawing on these findings, we discuss implications for effectuation theory and entrepreneurship studies. Managerial Summary Entrepreneurs are known to rely on their established means for effectual decision‐making. However, little is known about how entrepreneurs make effectual decisions when they possess digital capital but have underdeveloped means for effectuation. This study explores how young side‐hustlers on social media build means for effectuation through browsing, consulting, and imitating. The generativity, recommendability, and multimodality of digital capital significantly enhance this developmental process, while cost‐effectiveness is continuously assessed to determine whether to proceed. We develop a process model that illustrates how entrepreneurs leverage and optimize digital capital to drive effectuation in the digital age.

Abstract Hitherto marginalized in the extant innovation studies is the role of intermediaries in innovation ecosystems, which require greater coordination and orchestration between manifold organizations. We conduct qualitative research on the Precision Engineering Centre of Innovation to understand how this government-affiliated intermediary in Singapore takes the initiative in shaping an innovation ecosystem through which local/foreign precision engineering firms, government agencies, and multinational corporations harmoniously co-develop advanced manufacturing capabilities. By analyzing the qualitative data through the theoretical lenses of innovation ecosystem and intermediary, our findings reveal that intermediaries nurture ecosystems in four major steps: (1) developing the ecosystem vision, (2) forming the ecosystem community, (3) orchestrating the ecosystem resources, and (4) materializing the new value proposition. Based on this process model, the implications for innovation intermediary research, innovation ecosystem studies, and innovation policy are discussed.