Individual genomes: the Korean connection The genome of an anonymous Korean male has been sequenced using a broad spread of genomic techniques. This combinatorial approach allows for detailed characterization of sequence and structural variation. The first four individual genomes to have been determined spanned three distinct ethnic groups: a Yoruba African, northwest European (Craig Venter and James Watson) and Han Chinese. This new work, together with another Korean sequence reported elsewhere, adds the Altaic ethnic grouping to the list.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, limiting opportunities for early intervention. In vitro 3-dimensional lung organoid cultures recapitulate key features of human lung epithelial differentiation and are amenable to genetic manipulation. Epithelial plasticity during lung cancer evolution can be investigated by applying single-cell sequencing technologies to genetically engineered organoids, enabling the identification of mechanisms that suppress lung cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we consolidate recent findings and approaches in lung organoid–based cancer modeling and provide updated insights into lung cancer biology and future research directions.

Mutations in the X-linked ZDHHC9 gene cause cognitive deficits in humans, with a subset of patients suffering from epilepsy. X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) is often ascribed to neuronal deficits, but here we report that expression of human and mouse ZDHHC9 orthologs is far higher in myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) than in other CNS cell types. ZDHHC9 codes for a protein acyltransferase (PAT), and we found that ZDHHC9 is the most highly expressed PAT in OLs. Wild type ZDHHC9 localizes to Golgi outposts in OL processes, but other PATs and XLID mutant forms of ZDHHC9 are restricted to OL cell bodies. Using genetic tools for OL progenitor fate tracing and sparse cell labeling, we show that mice lacking Zdhhc9 have grossly normal OL development but display extensive morphological and structural myelin abnormalities. Consistent with the hypothesis that these deficits are OL-autonomous, they are broadly phenocopied by acute Zdhhc9 knockdown in cultured conditions. Finally, we found that ZDHHC9 palmitoylates Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) in heterologous cells, and that palmitoylation of MBP is impaired in the Zdhhc9 knockout brain. Our findings provide critical insights into the mechanisms of ZDHHC9-associated XLID and shed new light on the palmitoylation-dependent control of myelination.

GI-αCD73/IL-2v bispecific protein is a novel and potent immunocytokine with significant antitumor immunity through cis-binding on CD8⁺ T cells.

Light Emitting Diodes Microwire LEDs offer high luminance and superior pixel density per inch, making them ideal for next‐generation displays. Strain mapping and finite element simulation reveal that interfacial shear strain arises at traction‐free surface of microwire LEDs to assist the elastic relaxation of the misfit strain in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells. More details can be found in article number 2408736 by Seunghwa Ryu, Sang Ho Oh, and co‐workers. [Image: see text]