The pathological role in the hippocampus and the cell-to-cell transmissibility of AIMP2 provide new therapeutic avenues for PD treatment, and plasma AIMP2 combined with α-synuclein may improve the accuracy of PD diagnosis in the early stages.

For DTC patients, HR-QOL experienced a significant drop 3 months postsurgery, subsequently showing gradual improvement, surpassing preoperative QOL by 5 years. Factors contributing to improved physical QOL included the utilization of remote-access thyroidectomy, less extensive thyroidectomy, and the absence of RAI ablation and hypoparathyroidism.

The pathological role in the hippocampus and the cell-to-cell transmissibility of AIMP2 provide new therapeutic avenues for PD treatment, and plasma AIMP2 combined with α-synuclein may improve the accuracy of PD diagnosis in the early stages.

For DTC patients, HR-QOL experienced a significant drop 3 months postsurgery, subsequently showing gradual improvement, surpassing preoperative QOL by 5 years. Factors contributing to improved physical QOL included the utilization of remote-access thyroidectomy, less extensive thyroidectomy, and the absence of RAI ablation and hypoparathyroidism.

Eosinophil-derived IFN-γ promotes the bone-forming activities of sinus bone cells via the STAT1-TMEM119 signaling pathway. Interleukin-4-eosinophil-IFN-γ axis may be crucial for TMEM119-mediated new bone formation in CRSwNP.

The pseudoballs were dual-negative in GMS and Gram staining and showed distinct clinical and radiological characteristics as a different endotype.

Damage to the olfactory nerve, caused by aging, trauma, or neurological disorders, can lead to smell loss, negatively impacting quality of life, taste perception, safety, and emotional well-being. Currently, olfactory training, which involves exposure to aromatic odorants, is the most widely used treatment. While this method provides some benefit, it does not offer a fundamental cure. Developing an approach that directly stimulates the olfactory nerves to restore neural activity is critical for effectively addressing smell loss. This study investigates the effects of radiofrequency (RF) stimulation on the olfactory nerves in healthy individuals to evaluate its potential as a treatment for olfactory dysfunction. An RF antenna was positioned, and the specific absorption rate was verified using 3D modeling. The sensitivity of odor threshold tests with n-butanol and specific odors was assessed in a total of 28 healthy subjects, confirming olfactory nerve stimulation through electrobulbogram measurements. The average odor threshold for n-butanol in 23 subjects was 9.73 ± 2.45. RF stimulation on the olfactory nerve for 5 min at 10-20 W improved the odor threshold score to 15.88 ± 0.25, indicating enhanced sensitivity lasting up to one week. Electrical signals from olfactory nerves significantly increased after RF stimulation compared to pre-stimulation levels, consistent with results for natural odors like grapes and bananas. Unlike chemical-based treatments, RF stimulation avoids discomfort or dissipation of effects and provides sustained nerve activation. These findings demonstrate the potential of RF technology for olfactory training and as a novel treatment for olfactory dysfunction, as well as applications in maintaining odor sensitivity for professionals.

This case highlights the complex nature of diagnosing and managing congenital limb deformities driven by genetic factors. It underscores the critical importance of comprehensive genetic testing in determining the etiology of limb malformations. The GLI3 variant, classified according to ACMG guidelines as a class IV mutation, likely results in a truncated protein due to a premature stop codon, confirmed by family segregation analysis indicating its paternal origin, suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance. Notably, the TBX5 gene variant, often associated with Holt-Oram syndrome-which is characterized by only hand skeletal anomalies and early-onset atrial fibrillation-suggests a risk of developing cardiac issues that are not currently present but may emerge as the child grows. This potential for evolving clinical manifestations necessitates vigilant long-term monitoring and may influence future medical management and therapeutic approaches.

Background and Objectives Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients can be classified into two groups based on the relationship between their supine and non-supine apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). This study compared the clinical characteristics of positional and non-positional OSA patients and identified factors influencing OSA severity in each group.Subjects and Method The positional OSA group consisted of patients with a supine AHI more than twice the value of the non-supine AHI. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was performed to balance AHI differences between the groups. Demographic data, symptom scores, physical examination results, and polysomnography (PSG) data were analyzed. Compliance data for patients using auto-adjusting positive airway pressure (APAP) were also collected.Results Ninty patients in each group were matched through PSM. The non-positional OSA group exhibited significantly higher daytime sleepiness scores (<i>p</i>=0.040). There were no significant differences in sex, age, body mass index (BMI), or physical examination results. On the other hand, the PSG data of positional OSA group showed significantly higher average (<i>p</i>=0.031) and as well as lowest oxygen saturation (<i>p</i>=0.046). BMI was a risk factor for severe OSA in both groups, with age being significant in the positional group and sex and retropalatal obstruction in the non-positional group. Although non-positional patients utilized APAP more frequently than the positional group, there were no significant differences in compliance.Conclusion Positional dependency in OSA patients is associated with varying symptom severity, the PSG findings and PAP usage. Factors like BMI, age, sex, and the level of obstruction in severe OSA differed depending on positional dependency.