Abstract Traditional tooth whitening agents, particularly those based on hydrogen peroxide, are effective in achieving significant dental whitening but are prone to side effects such as tooth hypersensitivity and structural damage because of the highly concentrated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although various nanoparticles, including metal oxides, ceramics, and piezoelectric materials, have been explored as alternative whitening agents, they often exhibit limitations such as insufficient ROS generation, poor biocompatibility, and an increased risk of bacterial infections. In this study, an innovative nanoapatite‐based whitening material is presented, termed DENTA (Dual Enzymatic Nanoagent for Tooth‐whitening and Antibiofilm Activity), which harnesses dual enzyme catalysis by integrating glucose oxidase and catalase. Designed to penetrate the dentinal tubules, DENTA leverages naturally occurring salivary glucose to continuously produce ROS, enabling effective and prolonged whitening while mitigating the side effects of conventional agents through controlled and reduced ROS concentrations. Moreover, DENTA exhibits distinctive antibacterial activity driven by glucose‐responsive ROS generation within biologically relevant concentration ranges, while maintaining excellent biocompatibility with oral cells under glucose‐supplemented conditions. This groundbreaking enzymatic nano‐whitening approach, validated under simulated tooth‐brushing conditions, positions DENTA as a promising candidate for safe, effective, and multifunctional tooth whitening in practical at‐home applications.

Collagen-based biomaterials are widely used, but their relatively rapid biodegradation can limit functional duration. Such collagen constructs are widely used as barrier membranes in guided tissue and bone regeneration, where controlled degradation is essential for maintaining function. Although conventional crosslinking methods extend stability, they may introduce cytotoxicity, alter mechanical behavior, or hinder tissue integration. This study evaluated whether incorporating L-serine, a polar amino acid capable of hydrogen bonding, could modulate collagen structure and slow degradation without chemical crosslinking. L-Serine was selected because its hydroxyl-containing side chain can engage in biocompatible, hydrogen-bond-mediated interactions that offer a mild, non-crosslinking means of stabilizing collagen. Collagen scaffolds, prepared by incorporating L-serine into a collagen hydrogel followed by drying, were produced with 0-40 wt% L-serine and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and scanning electron microscopy. In vivo degradation was assessed in a subcutaneous mouse model comparing unmodified collagen, collagen containing 40 wt% L-serine, and a commercially available bilayer porcine collagen membrane (Bio-Gide^®, composed of type I and III collagen), with residual area quantified by serial sonography and histological evaluation. Low-to-moderate L-serine incorporation preserved triple-helical features, while 40 wt% led to crystalline domain formation and β-sheet enrichment. L-serine-treated collagen exhibited significantly greater residual area (2.70 ± 1.45 mm²) than unmodified collagen (0.37 ± 0.22 mm², <i>p</i> < 0.05), although Bio-Gide^® remained the most persistent (5.64 ± 2.76 mm²). These findings demonstrate that L-serine incorporation can modulate collagen structure and degradation kinetics through a simple, aqueous, and non-crosslinking approach. The results provide preliminary feasibility data supporting amino acid-assisted tuning of collagen resorption properties and justify further evaluation using membrane-specific fabrication and application-relevant testing.

Surface treatments play a crucial role in modifying the surface properties and biological performance of dental ceramics. This study investigated the effects of surface conditions on the wettability, cytocompatibility, and bacterial resistance of 4 mol% Y₂O₃-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (4Y-TZP) and two lithium disilicate (Li₂Si₂O₅) glass ceramics (Amber^® Mill (AM) and Amber^® Mill Abut-Crown (AC)). Human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) responses and biofilm formation on the machined, polished, and glazed samples were evaluated. The polished 4Y-TZP sample exhibited the highest water contact angle (WCA; 71.3°), while that of the AC samples decreased as the sample was machined (58.4°), polished (46.8°), and glazed (14.0°). The wettability, cytocompatibility, and bacterial resistance of the dental ceramics were significantly influenced by material type and surface condition. Among the surface-treated samples, the glazed specimens exhibited the lowest WCA and bulk density; thus, wettability is an important factor for cell proliferation and bacterial resistance. Among all samples, HGF-1 cells adhered well to the glazed ceramics and significantly proliferated over time. Particularly, the 4Y-TZP and AC glazed samples exhibited the lowest biomass and strong resistance to biofilm formation and bacterial adhesion. Thus, the glaze dramatically affected HGF-1 cell growth and antibiofilm formation.

Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) and polynucleotides (PNs) are biologically active DNA-derived polymers with emerging applications in regenerative dentistry. Acting through adenosine A2A receptor activation and modulation of inflammatory responses, these biomolecules promote angiogenesis, enhance fibroblast proliferation, and stimulate extracellular matrix synthesis. In periodontal therapy, their potential to accelerate healing, reduce inflammation, and support the regeneration of gingival connective tissue, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone is of increasing clinical interest. This review synthesizes current preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the use of PDRNs and PNs for tissue regeneration in dentistry, including their mechanisms of action, delivery strategies, synergistic effects with biomaterials and growth factors, and safety profile. Furthermore, recent advances in injectable formulations, scaffold integration, and combined therapies are discussed. The review also highlights gaps in evidence, methodological limitations in existing studies, and future research directions needed to establish standardized treatment protocols. A total of 21 studies (10 PDRNs and 11 PNs/ODNs) were analyzed. PDRNs and PNs consistently demonstrated preclinical regenerative efficacy, although robust clinical validation remains limited.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of combining a single-shade composite resin with an opaque single-shade composite resin on the color adjustment potential (CAP) and color difference (ΔE*ab) of restorations at various residual dentin thicknesses. One single-shade composite resin (Omnichroma [OM]), one opaque single-shade composite resin (Omnichroma Blocker [OB]), and two multi-shade composite resins (Filtek Z350 XT [FT] A2D shade and Estelite Sigma Quick [ES] OA2 shade) were included in this study. Using first molar denture teeth in A2 shade, both single and dual specimens were fabricated at residual dentin thicknesses of 0, 1, and 2 mm. The translucency parameter (TP), ΔE*ab , and CAP were calculated for the control group and 3 experimental groups. The FT group exhibited the highest ΔE*ab values and the lowest CAP (p &lt; 0.0083), while the highest TP values were observed in the control group (p &lt; 0.0083). CAP and ΔE*ab did not show significant differences based on residual dentin thicknesses in most groups. TP was significantly higher at 0 mm residual dentin thickness than at 1 mm and 2 mm in all groups (p &lt; 0.0167). When the perceptibility threshold was set at ΔE*ab ≤ 2.0, the ES and OB groups exhibited color differences within the threshold. These findings suggest that combining a singleshade composite resin with an opaque single-shade composite resin can contribute to the esthetic performance of restorations.

This study aimed to evaluate the surface hardness and wear resistance of a novel glass-hybrid restorative material in comparison with those of high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC). Additionally, this study examined how the application of a nano-filled resin coating affected these mechanical properties. This study utilized 80 disk-shaped samples prepared from two distinct GI materials: Equia Forte HT Fil and Fuji IX GP. Half of the specimens from each material group were treated with an Equia Forte Coat. Vickers hardness tests were conducted on a set of 40 specimens, and wear resistance was measured on a separate set of 40 specimens. Equia Forte HT Fil showed significantly higher hardness than Fuji IX GP (p &lt; 0.05). The nano-filled resin coating did not significantly affect the hardness in both groups (p &gt; 0.05). In wear depth measurements, uncoated Equia Forte HT Fil showed significantly lower wear depth compared to uncoated Fuji IX GP (p &lt; 0.05). After coating application, both GI groups showed significantly decreased wear depth (p &lt; 0.05). In terms of both hardness and wear resistance, the properties of the glass-hybrid restorative material were superior to those of the high-viscosity GIC. Nano-filled resin coating exhibited no significant positive effect on the hardness of either GI cement material but significantly increased their wear resistance.

This study aims to evaluate the color stability and surface roughness of the single-shade composite resin after finishing and polishing for primary molars. A single-shade composite resin (OM, OMNICHROMA) and two multi-shade composite resins (FT, FiltekTM Z350XT; ES, ESTELITE® SIGMA QUICK) were included. The specimens were divided into three subgroups using different polishing methods: control, Sof-Lex XT, and Sof-Lex Diamond. For color stability tests, cavities were prepared on extracted primary second molars and restored with experimental composite resins. Each specimen was immersed in the coffee solution for 48 hours. The color difference of each specimen was calculated. For surface roughness tests, cylindrical specimens were crafted with experimental composite resins. Surface roughness was analyzed using an atomic force microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In the color stability tests, FT demonstrated a significantly lower ΔEab than ES among the control groups, but no significant differences were observed between the ΔEab values of OM and FT or OM and ES. Additionally, no significant differences were found between the Sof-Lex XT and Sof-Lex Diamond subgroups in the three composite groups. Moreover, no significant differences in the surface roughness were found between the three composite groups, regardless of the polishing methods. The single-shade composite resin demonstrated comparable color stability and surface roughness to that of the multi-shade composite resins regardless of the polishing methods used in restoring primary molars. The single-shade composite resin is expected to be applicable in clinical pediatric dentistry reducing chair time due to the easy shade matching procedures.

45S5 Bioglass (BG) is composed of a glass network with silicate based on the component and can be doped with various therapeutic ions for the enhancement of hard tissue therapy. Nanoceria (CeO₂) has been shown to indicate redox reaction and enhance the biological response. However, few studies focus on the proportion of CeO₂-doped and its effect on the cellular bioactivity of CeO₂-doped BG (CBG). In this study, we synthesized the CBG series with increasing amounts of doping CeO₂ ranging (1 to 12) wt.%. The synthesized CBG series examined the characterization, mineralization capacity, and cellular activity against BG. Our results showed that the CBG series exhibited a glass structure and indicated the redox states between Ce³⁺ and Ce⁴⁺, thus they showed the antioxidant activity by characterization of Ce. The CBG series had a stable glass network structure similar to BG, which showed the preservation of bioactivity by exhibiting mineralization on the surface. In terms of biological response, although the CBG series showed the proliferative activity of pre-osteoblastic cells similar to BG, the CBG series augmented not only the alkaline phosphatase activity but also the osteogenic marker in the mRNA level. As stimulated the osteogenic activity, the CBG series improved the biomineralization. In conclusion, the CBG series might have a potential application for hard tissue therapeutic purposes.

Abstract Traditional tooth whitening agents, particularly those based on hydrogen peroxide, are effective in achieving significant dental whitening but are prone to side effects such as tooth hypersensitivity and structural damage because of the highly concentrated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although various nanoparticles, including metal oxides, ceramics, and piezoelectric materials, have been explored as alternative whitening agents, they often exhibit limitations such as insufficient ROS generation, poor biocompatibility, and an increased risk of bacterial infections. In this study, an innovative nanoapatite‐based whitening material is presented, termed DENTA (Dual Enzymatic Nanoagent for Tooth‐whitening and Antibiofilm Activity), which harnesses dual enzyme catalysis by integrating glucose oxidase and catalase. Designed to penetrate the dentinal tubules, DENTA leverages naturally occurring salivary glucose to continuously produce ROS, enabling effective and prolonged whitening while mitigating the side effects of conventional agents through controlled and reduced ROS concentrations. Moreover, DENTA exhibits distinctive antibacterial activity driven by glucose‐responsive ROS generation within biologically relevant concentration ranges, while maintaining excellent biocompatibility with oral cells under glucose‐supplemented conditions. This groundbreaking enzymatic nano‐whitening approach, validated under simulated tooth‐brushing conditions, positions DENTA as a promising candidate for safe, effective, and multifunctional tooth whitening in practical at‐home applications.

Collagen-based biomaterials are widely used, but their relatively rapid biodegradation can limit functional duration. Such collagen constructs are widely used as barrier membranes in guided tissue and bone regeneration, where controlled degradation is essential for maintaining function. Although conventional crosslinking methods extend stability, they may introduce cytotoxicity, alter mechanical behavior, or hinder tissue integration. This study evaluated whether incorporating L-serine, a polar amino acid capable of hydrogen bonding, could modulate collagen structure and slow degradation without chemical crosslinking. L-Serine was selected because its hydroxyl-containing side chain can engage in biocompatible, hydrogen-bond-mediated interactions that offer a mild, non-crosslinking means of stabilizing collagen. Collagen scaffolds, prepared by incorporating L-serine into a collagen hydrogel followed by drying, were produced with 0-40 wt% L-serine and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and scanning electron microscopy. In vivo degradation was assessed in a subcutaneous mouse model comparing unmodified collagen, collagen containing 40 wt% L-serine, and a commercially available bilayer porcine collagen membrane (Bio-Gide^®, composed of type I and III collagen), with residual area quantified by serial sonography and histological evaluation. Low-to-moderate L-serine incorporation preserved triple-helical features, while 40 wt% led to crystalline domain formation and β-sheet enrichment. L-serine-treated collagen exhibited significantly greater residual area (2.70 ± 1.45 mm²) than unmodified collagen (0.37 ± 0.22 mm², <i>p</i> < 0.05), although Bio-Gide^® remained the most persistent (5.64 ± 2.76 mm²). These findings demonstrate that L-serine incorporation can modulate collagen structure and degradation kinetics through a simple, aqueous, and non-crosslinking approach. The results provide preliminary feasibility data supporting amino acid-assisted tuning of collagen resorption properties and justify further evaluation using membrane-specific fabrication and application-relevant testing.