The recovery of 12 critical raw materials (CRM) from municipal solid wastes (MSW) via leachate recirculation was evaluated using a 4 L semi-pilot scale column percolation. The results showed that the recovery of the metal(loid)s was mainly influenced by order of importance: pH > organic content > type of metal(loid)s > age of the waste > redox potential. Among the CRM, Cd and Ni were the most mobile elements, while As and Cr were the least mobile. A comparison of leachate from the leachate recirculated columns before and after the initiation of recirculation indicates an increase in the concentrations of certain CRM and metalloids. The first recirculation cycle supported achieving 100 % recovery. CRM and metalloids in leachate can be recovered; however, the concentrations of CRM and metalloids are usually below 1 mg/L. In this regard, leachate recirculation may enhance the increasing concentration of CRM in landfill leachate. For example, after first recirculation cycle, Ni concentration increased from 0.05 mg/L to 0.11 mg/L. The results obtained from this study can develop further methodologies for the potential recovery of CRM and help foster further research into overcoming limitations for recovering CRM in landfill leachate.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of humic acid on the recovery rate of metal(loid)s in landfill leachate. The study focused on the release of 12 selected metal(loid)s, including critical raw materials (CRM) in landfills that were less than five years old and those that were more than ten years old. The experimental setup involved using different concentrations of humic acid (w/v) (0 %, 0.1 %, and 0.5 %) at pH 4 and 6. The results of the study showed that humic acid was effective in releasing Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb. On the other hand, an increase in humic acid concentration led to a decrease in the release of Li, Mn, and Hg. The immobilization of Li, Mn, and Hg was due to the coordination and adsorption of humic acid. The presence of humic acid accelerated the release of metal(loid)s by carboxylic acidity compared to the recovery rate of metal(loid)s in landfill leachate without humic acid. However, a higher concentration of humic acid did not always result in a stronger recovery rate. The recovery rate of metal(loid)s was related to the solubility and concentration of humic acid. These findings can inform the development of more efficient and environmentally-friendly methods of recovering metal(loid)s using humic acid as a leaching agent.

This study applies Cooper, Fusarelli & Randall’s (2004) multidimensional policy analysis model to the 2025 National Action Plan for Industrial Education and University–Industry–Research Collaboration, diagnosing policy coherence and limitations across the normative, structural, constitutive, and technical dimensions. Using the joint central–local plan and related reports, we combine text mining with a codebook-guided qualitative content analysis to extract salient keywords (e.g., “commercialization,” “RISE,” “talent development,” “settlement pipeline”) and interpret their contexts. Findings show that, while the normative vision—region- and field-based advanced talent development with entrepreneurship, commercialization, and innovation ecosystems—is clearly articulated, translation into indicators, budgeting, and implementation rules is insufficient. Structurally, misaligned authority and accountability among ministries, local governments, and universities weaken the plan–implementation–evaluation–feedback cycle; constitutively, SME demand reflection and incentive alignment for firm-led tracks remain limited. Technically, instruments such as BRIDGE 3.0, TCC, and technology-transfer platforms operate, yet KPI schemes skew toward short-term quantitative outputs, undercapturing qualitative outcomes (startup survival, scale-up, regional retention). We propose standardizing a vision–strategy–indicator logic model, establishing a cross-ministerial Common Data Model (CDM) and integrated performance/budget dashboard, institutionalizing firm-led tracks, and shifting to a BSC-based, multi-layer KPI system. We further specify expected effects of CDM and multi-layer KPIs (continuous detection of task/indicator/budget overlaps and gaps, reporting automation with reduced field burden, longitudinal tracking of the education →employment/entrepreneurship → regional settlement pathway) alongside implementation constraints (privacy and legal alignment, standardization/interoperability costs, institutional capacity gaps, and KPI gaming risks). We also discuss cross-dimensional interactions, showing that normative–technical misalignment can attenuate feedback efficacy, and argue that data governance (structural) and incentive design (constitutive) are required to restore effective feedback loops. Limitations include single-year scope and document dependence; future work should employ longitudinal trend analysis and comparative studies across ministries and local governments to test the persistence and heterogeneity of policy effects.

연구 목적: 본 연구는 MZ세대의 관광 특성을 바탕으로 신안군 홍도의 지속가능한 관광 전략을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다.연구 방법: 문헌고찰과 현장관찰, PEST-SWOT 분석을 통한 내외부적인 환경 요인 진단을 실시하고 심층인터뷰를 병행 수행하였다.연구 내용: 홍도는 천혜의 자연경관과 독창적인 섬 문화라는 강점을 보유하나, 접근성과 숙박 인프라 부족이라는 약점이 존재한다. MZ세대의 체험 중심 관광, 지속가능 관광 관심확대는 기회 요인으로, 경쟁 관광지 증가 및 환경 규제 강화는 위협 요인으로 파악되었다. 디지털 마케팅 강화, 차별적 스토리텔링과 관광벨트 구축, 통합 플랫폼과 체험 프로그램 개발 등 다양한 전략이 논의되었다.결론 및 제언: 홍도의 관광 활성화를 위해 MZ세대 특성에 맞는 맞춤형 체험 관광상품 개발이 중요하며 디지털 마케팅 강화, 다양한 인프라 조성 등의 지속가능한 관광 전략 방안을 제시하였다. 향후 연구에서는 설문조사 등을 통한 보다 정량적인 실증 분석이 요구된다.

연구 목적: 본 연구는 유네스코 세계자연유산인 보성 갯벌의 지속 가능한 관광 개발 전략을 도출하고자 하며 생태적 가치 보존과 경제 발전의 균형을 추구한다. 특히 차별화된 관광 상품 개발의 필요성을 강조한다.연구 방법: SWOT 분석을 통해 보성 갯벌의 강점, 약점, 기회, 위협 요인을 파악하고 학술 자료 검토와 현장 조사를 기반으로 세 가지 가설을 설정하여 분석했다.연구 내용: SWOT 분석 결과, 강점(세계자연유산 등재, 생물다양성)과 약점(관광 인프라부족)을 확인했다. 이를 바탕으로 지역 특산물 연계 콘텐츠 개발, 정부 지원을 통한 기반개선, 독창적 이미지 구축 등의 전략을 도출했다.결론 및 제언: 제안된 전략이 보성 갯벌의 지속 가능한 관광 개발에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인했다. 생태 보존, 지역 특산물 활용, 정부 지원, 주민 참여가 핵심이며 장기적 모니터링이 필요하다.

본 연구는 ESG 관점에서 노동환경을 살펴보고, 국내 상장기업 노동환경 평가지표에서 드러나는 문제의 한계와 개선방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 2023년 발간된 지속가능경영보고서 154개를 분석한 연구 결과에 따르면, 평가기관 간 지표 격차, 기업들의 선별적 정보공시, 업종별 차별화 필요성이 주요 문제점으로 나타났다. 지속가능한 노동환경 조성을 위해서는 ESG 평가기관, 정부, 기업이 각자의 역할을 충실히 수행하면서, 상호 협력하는 것은 노동환경 개선에 필수적으로 요구된다. 현재 ESG 정보공시는 일부 대기업에 국한되어 있다. 이는 국내 기업 전반의 노동환경에 대해 보다 포괄적이고 실질적인 평가를 하는 데 있어서 제약요인으로 이를 해결하기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 특히 국제적 수준에 부합하면서도 한국적 특성을 반영한 균형잡힌 ESG 평가체계를 구축하여 기업들이 실질적으로 노동환경 개선을 추진하기 위해서는 다양한 이해관계자들의 노력이 요구된다.

연구 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 LTV와 DTI 금융정책이 부동산 시장에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 그로 인한 문제점 및 개선점을 규명하는 것이다.연구 방법: 시계열 자료를 활용하여 아파트매매가격지수가 경제변수와 정책변수에 미치는 동태적 관계를 분석하였다. Excel을 기반으로 시계열 분석을 통해 규제 변경 시점과 시장 반응의 패턴을 비교하였다.연구 내용: 첫째, 금융정책은 부동산 시장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었고, LTV와 DTI는 아파트매매가격지수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 부동산 정책은 가격 대책도 중요하지만, 시장 특성을 반영한 LTV와 DTI 정책으로 시장 안정화를 도모해야 한다. 셋째, LTV와 DTI 정책은 부동산 시장의 안정성과 효율성에 영향을 미친다는 것이 확인되었다. 넷째, LTV와 DTI의 금융정책은 균형을 맞춰야 한다.결론 및 제언: 본 연구는 LTV와 DTI 규제가 주택시장 가격 형성과 가계부채 조정 과정에서 어떠한 역할을 수행하는지를 실증적으로 분석함으로써, 금융규제의 정책적 유효성과 한계를 평가하는 데 기여할 것이다.

The electric revolution has driven a significant increase in the use of rechargeable batteries, particularly lithium‐ion batteries, which contain several strategic elements and critical materials: Li, Co, Ni, P, and graphite. Efficient recovery of these materials is crucial to enhancing the resilience of the materials supply chain. Traditional recycling methods such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy have limitations, including high carbon intensity, cost, and limited material recovery. Robust physical separation pretreatment technologies can increase material purity for recycling. This study shows the utilization of electrostatic and magnetic separation processes across four distinct commercial cathode chemistries to produce high‐grade cathodic and anodic electrode products. Production scrap and end‐of‐life cells are used, with LiMn 2 O 4 –LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (LMO/NCA), LiFePO 4 (LFP), LiCoO 2 (LCO), and LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 (NMC532) cathode chemistries, all partnered with graphite anodes. The application of these two separation technologies significantly improves the separation efficiency of shredded electrodes, leading to >98% recovery of shredded NMC cathode electrodes, and with >99% recovery of LMO–NCA electrodes, and >98% recovery of LFP electrodes. LCO is not found to be suitable for these separation processes. These advanced pretreatment methods produce high‐purity concentrates of valuable cathode feedstocks, which can support secondary (critical) material feedstocks, and ultimately will reduce subsequent energy consumption.

The recovery of 12 critical raw materials (CRM) from municipal solid wastes (MSW) via leachate recirculation was evaluated using a 4 L semi-pilot scale column percolation. The results showed that the recovery of the metal(loid)s was mainly influenced by order of importance: pH > organic content > type of metal(loid)s > age of the waste > redox potential. Among the CRM, Cd and Ni were the most mobile elements, while As and Cr were the least mobile. A comparison of leachate from the leachate recirculated columns before and after the initiation of recirculation indicates an increase in the concentrations of certain CRM and metalloids. The first recirculation cycle supported achieving 100 % recovery. CRM and metalloids in leachate can be recovered; however, the concentrations of CRM and metalloids are usually below 1 mg/L. In this regard, leachate recirculation may enhance the increasing concentration of CRM in landfill leachate. For example, after first recirculation cycle, Ni concentration increased from 0.05 mg/L to 0.11 mg/L. The results obtained from this study can develop further methodologies for the potential recovery of CRM and help foster further research into overcoming limitations for recovering CRM in landfill leachate.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of humic acid on the recovery rate of metal(loid)s in landfill leachate. The study focused on the release of 12 selected metal(loid)s, including critical raw materials (CRM) in landfills that were less than five years old and those that were more than ten years old. The experimental setup involved using different concentrations of humic acid (w/v) (0 %, 0.1 %, and 0.5 %) at pH 4 and 6. The results of the study showed that humic acid was effective in releasing Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb. On the other hand, an increase in humic acid concentration led to a decrease in the release of Li, Mn, and Hg. The immobilization of Li, Mn, and Hg was due to the coordination and adsorption of humic acid. The presence of humic acid accelerated the release of metal(loid)s by carboxylic acidity compared to the recovery rate of metal(loid)s in landfill leachate without humic acid. However, a higher concentration of humic acid did not always result in a stronger recovery rate. The recovery rate of metal(loid)s was related to the solubility and concentration of humic acid. These findings can inform the development of more efficient and environmentally-friendly methods of recovering metal(loid)s using humic acid as a leaching agent.