Signaling pathways of bisphenol A-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neuronal cells: Role of calcium-induced reactive oxygen species, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear factor-κB

Software Qualificaiton of a Programmable Logic Controller for Nuclear Instrumentation and Control Applications

Software qualification includes such activities as a software Verification and Validation (V&V), a software safety analysis, a software configuration management and a software quality assurance for the safety-critical applications in Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). This paper presents the software qualification of a safety grade Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) which is applied to a Reactor Protection System prototype. The software V&V is characterized by defining the inputs, tasks, and outputs for all the software life cycle phases defined in the software V&V plan, and the V&V techniques such as a checklist-based review and the Fagan Inspection, a traceability analysis, a formal verification, and a software test are applied to improve the software quality. The software safety analysis process, which employs the HAZard OPerability (HAZOP) methodology, has been developed and applied to improve the software safety. All the software documents and source codes are managed as software configuration items throughout the software life cycle under the control of a software quality assurance plan and procedure. Automated software tools and a 3 rd part review also support the activities for the software qualification. Our experience shows that the software qualification is very efficient for systematically qualifying the safety-critical software of a PLC to be embedded in the safety-critical systems of a NPP, and they can be easily extended to other safety-critical applications such as in the railways, military, medicine, etc.

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Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor family related protein (GITR) mediates inflammatory activation of macrophages that can destabilize atherosclerotic plaques

Optimal Kinematic Design of a Planar Parallel Manipulator with High Speed and High Precision

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A Study on the Analysis of Paradigm Change in Common Space of High School - Focused on High Schools selected as Excellent School Facilities

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