Abstract Aims To compare the effects of moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe combination therapy to high-intensity statin monotherapy based on baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Methods and results In the RACING trial, 3780 atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients were randomly assigned to moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe combination therapy or high-intensity statin monotherapy based on baseline LDL-C levels of <100 mg/dL (n=2817) or ≥100 mg/dL (n=963). In the prespecified analysis, the primary outcome (a composite of cardiovascular death, major cardiovascular event, or stroke at 3 years) and key secondary outcome (achievement of LDL-C <70 mg/dL) were reported according to baseline LDL-C levels. The occurrence of the primary outcome did not differ between the combination therapy and the monotherapy groups among those with lower and higher baseline LDL-C levels (8.6% versus 10.1%, hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37 to 1.09; and 10.5% versus 9.3%, HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.70, respectively) without an interaction (P=0.232). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year achievement of LDL-C <70 mg/dL was greater in the combination therapy group, regardless of baseline LDL-C levels. For secondary safety outcomes, no significant interactions between the treatment strategies and baseline LDL-C levels were found. Conclusion Among ASCVD patients, the effect of moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe combination therapy was consistent across the baseline LDL-C levels for the 3-year composite of cardiovascular death, major cardiovascular event, or stroke, and even associated with greater achievement of LDL-C <70 mg/dL compared to high-intensity statin monotherapy.